The Importance of Words and Language

Dictionary</
pexels: K. Kaboompi

Dictionary Day is celebrated on October 30th , a day dedicated to celebrating the importance of dictionaries in language, education and communication. This date was chosen in honor of the birth of lexicographer Noah Webster in 1758, who is known for compiling the first dictionary of American English. The celebration aims to recognize the fundamental role that these compendiums play in enriching vocabulary, understanding the language and preserving culture. Dictionaries not only define words, but also provide information on pronunciation, etymology and correct use of language. On this day, schools, libraries and educational institutions usually promote activities, lectures and debates on the importance of language and reading... Did you know?


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LATEST CURIOSITIES




October 31st is Halloween. Originating in Celtic traditions, especially the Samhain festival, it marked the end of the harvest and the transition to winter, with the belief that spirits could cross into the world of the living. Over time, it incorporated Christian influences, such as All Saints
pexels - Y. Shuraev

October 31st is Halloween. Originating in Celtic traditions, especially the Samhain festival, it marked the end of the harvest and the transition to winter, with the belief that spirits could cross into the world of the living. Over time, it incorporated Christian influences, such as All Saints' Day. Today, Halloween is known for costumes, spooky decorations and trick-or-treating, where children ask for treats. Costume parties and the tradition of carving pumpkins are also popular. Celebrated in a secular way in several countries, it is especially popular in the United States, Canada, Ireland and the United Kingdom.

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The Brazilian alternative music scene saw the emergence of several bands exploring a variety of styles, such as indie, stoner rock, MPB and psychedelia. Bands such as Vivendo do Ócio, Selvagens à Procura de Lei, Vespas Mandarinas, O Terno, Boogarins, Maglore, Far from Alaska, Apanhador Só, The Baggios, Dona Cislene, Marrero, Terno Rei and Ego Kill Talent gained prominence. Furthermore, there were artists revisiting the national rock repertoire of the 80s and the emergence of "colorful bands". The group Malta, winner of the Superstar program, had an ephemeral success, as did other bands revealed by the program, such as Suricato, Move Over, Supercombo, Scalene and Versalle. Despite the absence of rock in mainstream media and radio, the emergence of radio stations dedicated to the genre, such as 89 FM Rádio Rock, in São Paulo, helped keep the rock scene alive.

The Brazilian alternative music scene saw the emergence of several bands exploring a variety of styles, such as indie, stoner rock, MPB and psychedelia. Bands such as Vivendo do Ócio, Selvagens à Procura de Lei, Vespas Mandarinas, O Terno, Boogarins, Maglore, Far from Alaska, Apanhador Só, The Baggios, Dona Cislene, Marrero, Terno Rei and Ego Kill Talent gained prominence. Furthermore, there were artists revisiting the national rock repertoire of the 80s and the emergence of "colorful bands". The group Malta, winner of the Superstar program, had an ephemeral success, as did other bands revealed by the program, such as Suricato, Move Over, Supercombo, Scalene and Versalle. Despite the absence of rock in mainstream media and radio, the emergence of radio stations dedicated to the genre, such as 89 FM Rádio Rock, in São Paulo, helped keep the rock scene alive.

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Mineral Wealth and Management Challenges
Known for its reddish color and high concentration of minerals, it plays a significant role in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in areas of intense agricultural and mining activity. Formed over thousands of years by weathering processes in hot and humid climates.
Features
Composition: Rich in iron and aluminum oxides, which gives it its characteristic reddish color. In some cases, it may contain valuable minerals such as bauxite.
Texture: Predominantly clayey, but with the presence of hard aggregates when exposed to air.
Porosity: Has low water retention capacity due to compaction.
Color: Shades that vary from red, brown and yellow, depending on the proportion of metallic oxides.
Properties:
High Resistance to Erosion: When compacted, it forms a hard crust on the surface, making surface erosion difficult.
Limited Fertility: Despite the presence of minerals, it is poor in organic matter and essential nutrients, requiring correction for agricultural use.
Moderate Permeability: Natural compaction can make water infiltration difficult.
Durability: Hardened laterite form, used in construction and as a paving material.

Mineral Wealth and Management Challenges
Known for its reddish color and high concentration of minerals, it plays a significant role in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in areas of intense agricultural and mining activity. Formed over thousands of years by weathering processes in hot and humid climates.
Features
Composition: Rich in iron and aluminum oxides, which gives it its characteristic reddish color. In some cases, it may contain valuable minerals such as bauxite.
Texture: Predominantly clayey, but with the presence of hard aggregates when exposed to air.
Porosity: Has low water retention capacity due to compaction.
Color: Shades that vary from red, brown and yellow, depending on the proportion of metallic oxides.
Properties:
High Resistance to Erosion: When compacted, it forms a hard crust on the surface, making surface erosion difficult.
Limited Fertility: Despite the presence of minerals, it is poor in organic matter and essential nutrients, requiring correction for agricultural use.
Moderate Permeability: Natural compaction can make water infiltration difficult.
Durability: Hardened laterite form, used in construction and as a paving material.

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It is responsible for supplying oxygen to the body and eliminating carbon dioxide, a waste product produced by cells.
Components:
Nose and Nasal Cavity: Where the air is filtered, warmed and humidified.
Pharynx: Common passage for air and food.
Larynx: Contains the vocal cords and connects the pharynx to the trachea.
Trachea: Channel that carries air to the lungs.
Bronchi: Branches of the trachea that carry air to the lungs.
Lungs: Organs responsible for gas exchange (oxygen enters and carbon dioxide leaves).
Alveoli: Small structures in the lungs where gas exchange occurs (oxygen for the blood and carbon dioxide for the air).
Respiratory Process:
Inspiration: Air enters the lungs, carrying oxygen.
Gas Exchange: In the alveoli, oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide, which is transported to be eliminated.
Exhalation: Carbon dioxide is expelled out of the body.

It is responsible for supplying oxygen to the body and eliminating carbon dioxide, a waste product produced by cells.
Components:
Nose and Nasal Cavity: Where the air is filtered, warmed and humidified.
Pharynx: Common passage for air and food.
Larynx: Contains the vocal cords and connects the pharynx to the trachea.
Trachea: Channel that carries air to the lungs.
Bronchi: Branches of the trachea that carry air to the lungs.
Lungs: Organs responsible for gas exchange (oxygen enters and carbon dioxide leaves).
Alveoli: Small structures in the lungs where gas exchange occurs (oxygen for the blood and carbon dioxide for the air).
Respiratory Process:
Inspiration: Air enters the lungs, carrying oxygen.
Gas Exchange: In the alveoli, oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide, which is transported to be eliminated.
Exhalation: Carbon dioxide is expelled out of the body.

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September 13th Deck Card day in Brazil, to value a cultural and leisure symbol, present in popular games and cartomancy. The origin of the date is uncertain, but it is believed that it was created by the letter industry to strengthen its role in Brazilian daily life. The deck has a long and rich history, with records of use in China and spread throughout Europe until reaching Brazil, where it quickly became popular in games such as truco and hole. During the colonial period, card production in Brazil was clandestine due to the Portuguese monopoly of the Real Fábrica de Cartas, founded in 1769. The first official card factory was installed in Rio de Janeiro in 1811. With the end of the monopoly in 1824, Brazil began to produce and import letters from other countries, such as France and Germany, and developed a strong local industry, mainly in Rio de Janeiro and Recife. In the 1940s, casinos boosted the use of playing cards.
pexels: A.Shvets

September 13th Deck Card day in Brazil, to value a cultural and leisure symbol, present in popular games and cartomancy. The origin of the date is uncertain, but it is believed that it was created by the letter industry to strengthen its role in Brazilian daily life. The deck has a long and rich history, with records of use in China and spread throughout Europe until reaching Brazil, where it quickly became popular in games such as truco and hole. During the colonial period, card production in Brazil was clandestine due to the Portuguese monopoly of the Real Fábrica de Cartas, founded in 1769. The first official card factory was installed in Rio de Janeiro in 1811. With the end of the monopoly in 1824, Brazil began to produce and import letters from other countries, such as France and Germany, and developed a strong local industry, mainly in Rio de Janeiro and Recife. In the 1940s, casinos boosted the use of playing cards.

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October 17, Brazilian Popular Music Day, in honor of the birth of Chiquinha Gonzaga, the first official composer of Brazilian popular music, born in 1847 in Rio de Janeiro. The date was established by Decree Law No. 12,624, of May 9, 2012, during the government of President Dilma Rousseff. Chiquinha Gonzaga was a pioneering figure in Brazilian music, known for her timeless songs that continue to inspire great artists such as Elis Regina, Chico Buarque, and Caetano Veloso. She also founded the Brazilian Society of Theater Authors and played a fundamental role in the development of popular music throughout the 20th century. The term "Música Popular Brasileira" (MPB) emerged in the 1960s, referring to a generation of influential singers and composers who stood out in song festivals, mainly in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.
pexels: G.Hillen

October 17, Brazilian Popular Music Day, in honor of the birth of Chiquinha Gonzaga, the first official composer of Brazilian popular music, born in 1847 in Rio de Janeiro. The date was established by Decree Law No. 12,624, of May 9, 2012, during the government of President Dilma Rousseff. Chiquinha Gonzaga was a pioneering figure in Brazilian music, known for her timeless songs that continue to inspire great artists such as Elis Regina, Chico Buarque, and Caetano Veloso. She also founded the Brazilian Society of Theater Authors and played a fundamental role in the development of popular music throughout the 20th century. The term "Música Popular Brasileira" (MPB) emerged in the 1960s, referring to a generation of influential singers and composers who stood out in song festivals, mainly in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.

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October 15th is Teachers
pixabay: M. Hassan

October 15th is Teachers ' Day in Brazil . This date is dedicated to honoring educators and recognizing the importance of the teacher's role in the education and development of students. The choice of this day refers to the creation of the first pedagogy course in Brazil, in 1939. Teachers play a fundamental role in education, transmitting knowledge, values and skills essential for the personal and social growth of students. They are responsible for inspiring and motivating their students, contributing to the formation of critical and conscious citizens.

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World Cinema Day is celebrated on November 5th , a day dedicated to honoring the creation, evolution and impact of cinema around the world. This global celebration highlights the fundamental role that cinema has played in culture, art and society throughout the ages. Cinema has the unique ability to tell stories, evoke emotions and convey powerful messages, crossing borders and connecting people from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. It serves to recognize the work of filmmakers, screenwriters, actors, directors, and all professionals who contribute to film production. It is a time to celebrate both blockbusters and independent and experimental films, as well as to highlight the impact of technology and innovation on the film industry.
pexels: cottonbro

World Cinema Day is celebrated on November 5th , a day dedicated to honoring the creation, evolution and impact of cinema around the world. This global celebration highlights the fundamental role that cinema has played in culture, art and society throughout the ages. Cinema has the unique ability to tell stories, evoke emotions and convey powerful messages, crossing borders and connecting people from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. It serves to recognize the work of filmmakers, screenwriters, actors, directors, and all professionals who contribute to film production. It is a time to celebrate both blockbusters and independent and experimental films, as well as to highlight the impact of technology and innovation on the film industry.

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National Cinema Day is celebrated in Brazil on June 19 , a date dedicated to celebrating the national film industry. The choice of this date harks back to 1898, when Brazilian filmmaker Afonso Segreto filmed the first film in Brazil, recording images of Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro, shortly after returning from Europe with filming equipment. National Cinema Day serves as a time to recognize and value Brazilian film production, its filmmakers, actors, technicians and everyone involved in the creation of films that reflect the culture, diversity and stories of Brazil. In addition, the date encourages the public to consume and support national cinema, promoting greater visibility for local productions.
pexels - D. Demidov

National Cinema Day is celebrated in Brazil on June 19 , a date dedicated to celebrating the national film industry. The choice of this date harks back to 1898, when Brazilian filmmaker Afonso Segreto filmed the first film in Brazil, recording images of Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro, shortly after returning from Europe with filming equipment. National Cinema Day serves as a time to recognize and value Brazilian film production, its filmmakers, actors, technicians and everyone involved in the creation of films that reflect the culture, diversity and stories of Brazil. In addition, the date encourages the public to consume and support national cinema, promoting greater visibility for local productions.

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Uglies is a dystopian science fiction film based on the book by Scott Westerfeld, set in a future where everyone undergoes surgery at age 16 to become "perfect." The protagonist, Tally Youngblood, eagerly awaits her transformation until she meets Shay, who rejects the surgery and runs away to a rebel community. Tally then has to decide between following the system or joining the resistance. The film addresses issues of beauty, identity, social conformity and freedom of choice, criticizing superficiality and the pressure to conform to unrealistic beauty standards. It will star Joey King, and will be directed by McG and produced by Netflix.
Netflix

Uglies is a dystopian science fiction film based on the book by Scott Westerfeld, set in a future where everyone undergoes surgery at age 16 to become "perfect." The protagonist, Tally Youngblood, eagerly awaits her transformation until she meets Shay, who rejects the surgery and runs away to a rebel community. Tally then has to decide between following the system or joining the resistance. The film addresses issues of beauty, identity, social conformity and freedom of choice, criticizing superficiality and the pressure to conform to unrealistic beauty standards. It will star Joey King, and will be directed by McG and produced by Netflix.

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National Cachaça Day is celebrated on September 13th and celebrates one of Brazil

National Cachaça Day is celebrated on September 13th and celebrates one of Brazil's most emblematic drinks, cachaça, which is distilled from sugar cane. The date aims to honor the tradition and culture associated with cachaça, as well as promoting awareness about the responsible consumption of this drink. During this occasion, events, tastings and cultural activities take place across the country, providing connoisseurs with the opportunity to discover new brands, learn about production methods and enjoy the varieties of this drink that is so important to Brazilian identity.

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World Meditation Day is celebrated on May 21 each year and highlights the ancient practice of meditation, which has gained popularity globally due to its mental health benefits. On this day, monks and experts often offer guidance and tips for those who want to start meditation, highlighting its accessibility and the many benefits it can bring to people of all ages. Meditation is an ancient art, present in various cultures around the world, and has been associated with the concept of mindfulness, which involves focusing attention on the present moment. This day serves as an opportunity to promote the practice of meditation and raise awareness of its benefits around the world, with events and guided practices being held in diverse communities.

World Meditation Day is celebrated on May 21 each year and highlights the ancient practice of meditation, which has gained popularity globally due to its mental health benefits. On this day, monks and experts often offer guidance and tips for those who want to start meditation, highlighting its accessibility and the many benefits it can bring to people of all ages. Meditation is an ancient art, present in various cultures around the world, and has been associated with the concept of mindfulness, which involves focusing attention on the present moment. This day serves as an opportunity to promote the practice of meditation and raise awareness of its benefits around the world, with events and guided practices being held in diverse communities.

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International Asteroid Day is celebrated on June 30th . This day aims to raise awareness about asteroids and highlight the importance of researching and monitoring these celestial bodies. Asteroids are rocky pieces that orbit the Sun, and knowledge about them is crucial to better understand the solar system and to develop planetary defense strategies against possible asteroid impacts on Earth. This day also aims to promote international cooperation in the observation and study of asteroids, aiming to protect our planet from potential cosmic threats.

International Asteroid Day is celebrated on June 30th . This day aims to raise awareness about asteroids and highlight the importance of researching and monitoring these celestial bodies. Asteroids are rocky pieces that orbit the Sun, and knowledge about them is crucial to better understand the solar system and to develop planetary defense strategies against possible asteroid impacts on Earth. This day also aims to promote international cooperation in the observation and study of asteroids, aiming to protect our planet from potential cosmic threats.

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Marshall Islands Constitution Day, celebrated on May 1 in Australia, marks the date on which the Constitution of the Marshall Islands came into force in 1979, when the country achieved independence from the United States. The constitution established a democratic government for the Marshall Islands, which is an island nation located in the Pacific Ocean. This day is celebrated with civic events and cultural activities across the country. It is an important occasion for the citizens of the Marshall Islands to celebrate their sovereignty and national identity.

Marshall Islands Constitution Day, celebrated on May 1 in Australia, marks the date on which the Constitution of the Marshall Islands came into force in 1979, when the country achieved independence from the United States. The constitution established a democratic government for the Marshall Islands, which is an island nation located in the Pacific Ocean. This day is celebrated with civic events and cultural activities across the country. It is an important occasion for the citizens of the Marshall Islands to celebrate their sovereignty and national identity.

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Goalkeeper

Goalkeeper's Day is celebrated on April 26th in honor of Aílton Corrêa Arruda, better known as the "Manga goalkeeper", renowned as one of the best goalkeepers in history! Manga was born on April 26, 1937 and played for teams like Sport do Recife (where it all started, actually), Botafogo, Porto Alegre, Coritiba, Grêmio, among others. With so much talent, of course he couldn't help but defend the Brazilian team, in friendlies and World Cups.
The idea of creating National Goalkeeper Day came in 1975, from an initiative by Professors at the School of Education Physics of the Army of Rio de Janeiro, Raul Carlesso and captain Reginaldo Pontes Bielinski. Carlesso was the Brazilian national team's physical trainer during the 1974 World Cup and was the pioneer in developing a special preparation for goalkeepers in Brazil.

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Lady Gaga, an iconic figure in po music, her real name is Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta. Gaga is an accomplished pianist and studied at New York University

Lady Gaga, an iconic figure in po music, her real name is Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta. Gaga is an accomplished pianist and studied at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts before embarking on her career as a singer. Before becoming a pop star, she was active in the musical theater scene in New York. His debut album, "The Fame," was released in 2008 and included hits like "Just Dance" and "Poker Face." In 2019, she won the Oscar for Best Original Song for the hit "Shallow", from the film "A Star Is Born", in which she also starred alongside Bradley Cooper. Gaga is known for her bold and extravagant looks. She has worn clothes made from meat, dresses made from bubbles and other exuberant outfits. He had the honor of performing at the Super Bowl halftime show in 2017, one of the most watched television events in the United States. She is known for her musical versatility.

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Unidos da Tijuca is one of the most emblematic samba schools in Rio de Janeiro. Founded in 1931, it originated from the union of blocks in Tijuca, specifically on the hills of Casa Branca, Formiga, Borel and Ilha dos Velhacos. The visual identity of Unidos da Tijuca is marked by the colors blue and yellow-gold, adopted since its foundation. In 1984, the royal peacock was chosen as the school

Unidos da Tijuca is one of the most emblematic samba schools in Rio de Janeiro. Founded in 1931, it originated from the union of blocks in Tijuca, specifically on the hills of Casa Branca, Formiga, Borel and Ilha dos Velhacos. The visual identity of Unidos da Tijuca is marked by the colors blue and yellow-gold, adopted since its foundation. In 1984, the royal peacock was chosen as the school's symbol, replacing the previous one, which was composed of two intertwined hands surrounded by branches of coffee and tobacco.

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La Montagne des Singes is an animal park in the town of Kintzheim, Alsace, opened in 1969, offering observation of more than 240 monkeys in an area of 24 hectares. Founded by Gilbert de Turckheim and Jacques Renaud, the park currently houses 250 monkeys in a forested expanse. The diet includes fruits, vegetables and cereals, as well as natural resources from the forest. After the co-founder

La Montagne des Singes is an animal park in the town of Kintzheim, Alsace, opened in 1969, offering observation of more than 240 monkeys in an area of 24 hectares. Founded by Gilbert de Turckheim and Jacques Renaud, the park currently houses 250 monkeys in a forested expanse. The diet includes fruits, vegetables and cereals, as well as natural resources from the forest. After the co-founder's death in 2020, his son Guillaume de Turckheim took over management. The park's objectives include providing natural leisure for visitors and offering educational services through guides, information panels and school visits.

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The Louvre Museum is known for its collection of art and antiques spanning nearly 9,000 years of history, including Leonardo da Vinci

The Louvre Museum is known for its collection of art and antiques spanning nearly 9,000 years of history, including Leonardo da Vinci's iconic Mona Lisa. The museum was originally built as a castle in the 12th century, but was transformed into a museum during the French Revolution in 1793. Since then, it has expanded significantly and now occupies an area of over 60,000 square meters, housing over 380,000 objects and works of art. The Louvre Museum's collection includes pieces from many cultures and historical periods, from ancient Egyptian art to 19th-century European art. Some of the most famous pieces include the Victory of Samothrace, the Venus de Milo, the Great Sphinx of Tanis and, of course, the Mona Lisa. In addition to art and antiques, the Louvre Museum is also known for its impressive architecture, including the famous glass pyramid designed by architect IM Pei.

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The Tower of Pisa is one of the most famous architectural structures in the world and an icon of the city of Pisa in the Tuscany region of Italy. What makes the tower so well known is its characteristic tilt, which makes it look like it

The Tower of Pisa is one of the most famous architectural structures in the world and an icon of the city of Pisa in the Tuscany region of Italy. What makes the tower so well known is its characteristic tilt, which makes it look like it's about to fall. Its construction began in 1173, as part of an architectural complex that included the Cathedral of Pisa and the Baptistery. However, the tower began to lean shortly after the construction of the third floor, due to problems with the region's unstable soil. In addition to the tower, the Campo dei Miracoli (Field of Miracles) in Pisa is also home to Pisa Cathedral, the Baptistery and the Camposanto Monumentale, an ancient cemetery.

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Some specific characteristics of some species of hominins: Australopithecus (it lived in Africa, the first primate similar to Man and moved mainly on two legs (bipedal), although sometimes it used its hands); Homo habilis (he moved only on his feet and was the first to make instruments: carved pebbles, made of stone, carved on only one side); Homo ergaster/erectus (arrived in Asia and Europe, manufactured more perfected instruments: bifaces (allowed to hunt, prepare game pieces, defend against enemies, etc…), first to produce fire and developed an articulated language); Homo sapiens (manufactured better instruments in stone, bone, horn and ivory: spearhead, bows, arrows, harpoons, hooks, needles and blades and first to bury the dead) and Homo sapiens sapiens (first to develop artistic manifestations and arrived at America and Oceania).

Some specific characteristics of some species of hominins: Australopithecus (it lived in Africa, the first primate similar to Man and moved mainly on two legs (bipedal), although sometimes it used its hands); Homo habilis (he moved only on his feet and was the first to make instruments: carved pebbles, made of stone, carved on only one side); Homo ergaster/erectus (arrived in Asia and Europe, manufactured more perfected instruments: bifaces (allowed to hunt, prepare game pieces, defend against enemies, etc…), first to produce fire and developed an articulated language); Homo sapiens (manufactured better instruments in stone, bone, horn and ivory: spearhead, bows, arrows, harpoons, hooks, needles and blades and first to bury the dead) and Homo sapiens sapiens (first to develop artistic manifestations and arrived at America and Oceania).

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Nissei - Ciudad Del Este is a large department store located in Ciudad Del Este, Paraguay that offers a wide variety of products at competitive prices. The store attracts many Brazilian tourists looking for electronic products and other items at more affordable prices. In addition to electronic and consumer products, Nissei also offers services such as foreign currency exchange and technical assistance for electronic products. The store has a very large structure, with several floors and specific sectors for different types of products. However, it is important to point out that the practice of shopping in Ciudad Del Este and in stores such as Nissei is subject to the customs laws and regulations of each country.

Nissei - Ciudad Del Este is a large department store located in Ciudad Del Este, Paraguay that offers a wide variety of products at competitive prices. The store attracts many Brazilian tourists looking for electronic products and other items at more affordable prices. In addition to electronic and consumer products, Nissei also offers services such as foreign currency exchange and technical assistance for electronic products. The store has a very large structure, with several floors and specific sectors for different types of products. However, it is important to point out that the practice of shopping in Ciudad Del Este and in stores such as Nissei is subject to the customs laws and regulations of each country.

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Current Most Popular Curiosities



In the 2000s, the samba artists who stood out at Cacique de Ramos, such as Arlindo Cruz, Jorge Aragão and, especially, Zeca Pagodinho, consolidated their careers, maintaining a more notable presence than artists from previous generations. Martinho da Vila, despite recording more and traveling a lot, remains active. However, this does not mean that the pagoda, which boosted these three talented artists, will have a decade without competitors. In the musical scene, the romantic pagode appears, a subgenre that incorporates pop elements, such as guitar, bass and electronic keyboard, presenting lyrics that address love in a simple and direct way. Notable representatives include Raça Negra and other groups with similar shows and costumes. The São Paulo pagoda also stands out. Meanwhile, Cacique de Ramos

In the 2000s, the samba artists who stood out at Cacique de Ramos, such as Arlindo Cruz, Jorge Aragão and, especially, Zeca Pagodinho, consolidated their careers, maintaining a more notable presence than artists from previous generations. Martinho da Vila, despite recording more and traveling a lot, remains active. However, this does not mean that the pagoda, which boosted these three talented artists, will have a decade without competitors. In the musical scene, the romantic pagode appears, a subgenre that incorporates pop elements, such as guitar, bass and electronic keyboard, presenting lyrics that address love in a simple and direct way. Notable representatives include Raça Negra and other groups with similar shows and costumes. The São Paulo pagoda also stands out. Meanwhile, Cacique de Ramos' group gets moving and, to avoid confusion, abandons the label "pagode" in favor of terms like "samba de festa alto"

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The Sun is the only star in the Solar System. The biggest and brightest of all the stars we see in the sky because it is the closest to Earth. It is a medium-sized star, which is in the middle of its stable viewing time. It has illuminated the Solar System for around five million years. It is a huge sphere of Hydrogen and Helium that produces energy and radiates it into space. The mass of the Sun is much greater than that of all other bodies in the Solar System: it corresponds to approximately 99.8% of the mass of the Solar System. It moves together with all the bodies that surround it, around the central region of the Milky Way: we say it has translational movement. As it also rotates on itself, we say that it has a rotational movement. Due to its constitution, which is not uniform, becoming less and less dense towards the surface, it has no defined limits and does not all rotate at the same speed.

The Sun is the only star in the Solar System. The biggest and brightest of all the stars we see in the sky because it is the closest to Earth. It is a medium-sized star, which is in the middle of its stable viewing time. It has illuminated the Solar System for around five million years. It is a huge sphere of Hydrogen and Helium that produces energy and radiates it into space. The mass of the Sun is much greater than that of all other bodies in the Solar System: it corresponds to approximately 99.8% of the mass of the Solar System. It moves together with all the bodies that surround it, around the central region of the Milky Way: we say it has translational movement. As it also rotates on itself, we say that it has a rotational movement. Due to its constitution, which is not uniform, becoming less and less dense towards the surface, it has no defined limits and does not all rotate at the same speed.

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During the CONMEBOL Copa América Group Stage draw, held in Miami, the PUMA Cumbre was presented, the new PUMA ball that will replace the current NIKE ball and will become the official ball of the competition. The name "PUMA Cumbre" is inspired by the mountain range that crosses America, seeking to symbolize the excellence of football in the region. Its design is based on the shape of the continent, and its 16 lines represent the total number of countries participating in the CONMEBOL Copa América 2024. Thus, the ball seeks to unite all the nations that will compete in this historic national team tournament.

During the CONMEBOL Copa América Group Stage draw, held in Miami, the PUMA Cumbre was presented, the new PUMA ball that will replace the current NIKE ball and will become the official ball of the competition. The name "PUMA Cumbre" is inspired by the mountain range that crosses America, seeking to symbolize the excellence of football in the region. Its design is based on the shape of the continent, and its 16 lines represent the total number of countries participating in the CONMEBOL Copa América 2024. Thus, the ball seeks to unite all the nations that will compete in this historic national team tournament.

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The history of fencing can be divided into three periods: ancient, modern and contemporary. In the ancient period, the emphasis was on the impact of heavy swords, driving opponents to the ground before they were killed. In the modern period, there was technical development and the establishment of rules. In contemporary times, there have been advances in protective equipment, such as face masks, and the introduction of technology. Currently, fencers compete in three different weapons, following specific rules in championships that involve preliminary groups and elimination brackets.

The history of fencing can be divided into three periods: ancient, modern and contemporary. In the ancient period, the emphasis was on the impact of heavy swords, driving opponents to the ground before they were killed. In the modern period, there was technical development and the establishment of rules. In contemporary times, there have been advances in protective equipment, such as face masks, and the introduction of technology. Currently, fencers compete in three different weapons, following specific rules in championships that involve preliminary groups and elimination brackets.

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PAW Patrol: The Mighty Movie  is a Canadian digitally animated adventure comedy based on the television series PAW Patrol. Produced by Spin Master Entertainment and animated by Mikros Image, the film was directed by Cal Brunker and released in August 2023 by Paramount Pictures in the United States. The plot involves a magical meteor that grants superpowers to the canine protagonists of Paw Patrol. When archenemy Humdinger escapes from prison and teams up with a mad scientist to steal these powers, Skye, the smallest of the team, must stop them and discover her own strength. The voice cast includes Marsai Martin, Kim Kardashian, Finn Lee-Epp, Christian Corrao, Callum Shoniker, Luxton Handspiker, Ron Pardo, Taraji P. Henson and other notable personalities.

PAW Patrol: The Mighty Movie is a Canadian digitally animated adventure comedy based on the television series PAW Patrol. Produced by Spin Master Entertainment and animated by Mikros Image, the film was directed by Cal Brunker and released in August 2023 by Paramount Pictures in the United States. The plot involves a magical meteor that grants superpowers to the canine protagonists of Paw Patrol. When archenemy Humdinger escapes from prison and teams up with a mad scientist to steal these powers, Skye, the smallest of the team, must stop them and discover her own strength. The voice cast includes Marsai Martin, Kim Kardashian, Finn Lee-Epp, Christian Corrao, Callum Shoniker, Luxton Handspiker, Ron Pardo, Taraji P. Henson and other notable personalities.

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Pagode emerged as an offshoot of samba at the end of the 1970s in Rio de Janeiro, at backyard parties. Beth Carvalho played a crucial role in promoting the genre, when she met the group Fundo de Quintal. Pagoda innovation included the creation of percussion instruments. Beth Carvalho invited Fundo de Quintal for the album "De Pé no Chão" (1978), launching artists such as Jorge Aragão and Zeca Pagodinho. In the 90s, pagode gained prominence with romantic lyrics and the success of groups such as Raça Negra and Art Popular.

Pagode emerged as an offshoot of samba at the end of the 1970s in Rio de Janeiro, at backyard parties. Beth Carvalho played a crucial role in promoting the genre, when she met the group Fundo de Quintal. Pagoda innovation included the creation of percussion instruments. Beth Carvalho invited Fundo de Quintal for the album "De Pé no Chão" (1978), launching artists such as Jorge Aragão and Zeca Pagodinho. In the 90s, pagode gained prominence with romantic lyrics and the success of groups such as Raça Negra and Art Popular.

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World Accordion Day, celebrated on May 6 , is an occasion to recognize and promote this versatile and culturally significant musical instrument. The accordion is a keys and bellows instrument that produces sound when the bellows are compressed or expanded while the keys or buttons are pressed. The date highlights its popularity in different musical styles and provides opportunities for musicians and enthusiasts to share their passion for this instrument. Events such as concerts, festivals and workshops are held to celebrate accordion music and its contribution to world culture.

World Accordion Day, celebrated on May 6 , is an occasion to recognize and promote this versatile and culturally significant musical instrument. The accordion is a keys and bellows instrument that produces sound when the bellows are compressed or expanded while the keys or buttons are pressed. The date highlights its popularity in different musical styles and provides opportunities for musicians and enthusiasts to share their passion for this instrument. Events such as concerts, festivals and workshops are held to celebrate accordion music and its contribution to world culture.

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The Copa Libertadores trophy was designed in 1959, at the request of CONMEBOL president, Férmin Sorhueta, for the tournament that would begin in 1960. It was designed by Italian designer Alberto de Gásperi in Lima, Peru, and approved by the entity

The Copa Libertadores trophy was designed in 1959, at the request of CONMEBOL president, Férmin Sorhueta, for the tournament that would begin in 1960. It was designed by Italian designer Alberto de Gásperi in Lima, Peru, and approved by the entity's directors. It was decided that the clubs that won the tournament three times in a row would keep the trophy permanently.
The current trophy is the third to be manufactured, after Estudiantes and Independiente won the right to have it permanently.

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A star does not appear in isolation, but together with many others, which, over time, tend to disperse. In this way, stars can manifest individually or in clusters. Clusters of stars with a common origin, which revolve around a central point, are called stellar clusters, and can be classified into two categories: globular (or compact) clusters, which gather older stars and range from a few thousand to a million of stars; and open clusters, which are smaller and encompass a few tens to thousands of stars. The stars in these open clusters are younger, more sparsely distributed and, over time, tend to move away from each other.

A star does not appear in isolation, but together with many others, which, over time, tend to disperse. In this way, stars can manifest individually or in clusters. Clusters of stars with a common origin, which revolve around a central point, are called stellar clusters, and can be classified into two categories: globular (or compact) clusters, which gather older stars and range from a few thousand to a million of stars; and open clusters, which are smaller and encompass a few tens to thousands of stars. The stars in these open clusters are younger, more sparsely distributed and, over time, tend to move away from each other.

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The winner of the Copa Libertadores guarantees their place in the FIFA Club World Cup as a CONMEBOL representative, in addition to automatically qualifying for the Recopa Sul-Americana the following year. Independiente holds the record for titles in the competition , with seven achievements. Argentina leads the ranking of countries with the highest number of victories, totaling 25 titles, while Brazil stands out for the diversity of winning clubs, with a total of 11 different teams that have already lifted the cup 23 times.  To date, the Libertadores trophy has been won by 26 different clubs.

The winner of the Copa Libertadores guarantees their place in the FIFA Club World Cup as a CONMEBOL representative, in addition to automatically qualifying for the Recopa Sul-Americana the following year.
Independiente holds the record for titles in the competition , with seven achievements. Argentina leads the ranking of countries with the highest number of victories, totaling 25 titles, while Brazil stands out for the diversity of winning clubs, with a total of 11 different teams that have already lifted the cup 23 times.
To date, the Libertadores trophy has been won by 26 different clubs.

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The oxygen generated by these living beings slowly accumulated in the atmosphere, which changed its composition and created, around 400 million years ago, the conditions necessary for the formation of an ozone layer. This layer is capable of filtering ultraviolet radiation, thus allowing living beings to colonize terrestrial environments outside of water. The enrichment of the atmosphere with oxygen, produced in photosynthesis, allowed this gas to become available and be used by living beings in cellular respiration, which in turn releases the carbon dioxide consumed in photosynthesis into the atmosphere. The Earth

The oxygen generated by these living beings slowly accumulated in the atmosphere, which changed its composition and created, around 400 million years ago, the conditions necessary for the formation of an ozone layer. This layer is capable of filtering ultraviolet radiation, thus allowing living beings to colonize terrestrial environments outside of water.
The enrichment of the atmosphere with oxygen, produced in photosynthesis, allowed this gas to become available and be used by living beings in cellular respiration, which in turn releases the carbon dioxide consumed in photosynthesis into the atmosphere.
The Earth's atmosphere has undergone continuous changes in its composition over geological time, responsible for drastic climate changes and mass extinctions. Currently, it is human activities that produce a growing and global impact on the atmosphere with consequences that are still difficult to predict.

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International Octopus Day is celebrated on October 8 , a date created by Octopus News Magazine Online (TONMO) in honor of these incredible animals, which have eight appendages. The choice of the day coincides with mating season, making it an ideal time to raise awareness about octopuses, known for their intelligence and camouflage abilities. With 90% of their bodies composed of muscles, they have three hearts and around five hundred million neurons. The celebration aims to highlight the importance of octopuses in marine ecosystems and promote the protection of their habitats. Events are organized around the world to educate the public about the threats these animals face, such as pollution and overfishing.
pexels - Pia B

International Octopus Day is celebrated on October 8 , a date created by Octopus News Magazine Online (TONMO) in honor of these incredible animals, which have eight appendages. The choice of the day coincides with mating season, making it an ideal time to raise awareness about octopuses, known for their intelligence and camouflage abilities. With 90% of their bodies composed of muscles, they have three hearts and around five hundred million neurons. The celebration aims to highlight the importance of octopuses in marine ecosystems and promote the protection of their habitats. Events are organized around the world to educate the public about the threats these animals face, such as pollution and overfishing.

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Christmas in France is marked by a rich culinary tradition, with a festive dinner that includes sophisticated dishes. Midnight Mass is a religious tradition held at midnight on Christmas Eve. In the Provence region, there is the tradition of the "Thirteen Desserts" that represent Jesus and the apostles. Santa Claus is called "Père Noël" and he distributes gifts. Christmas markets are popular, and the Advent Calendar is a common countdown. Christmas Eve is a night of celebration, and the French also celebrate St. Stephen

Christmas in France is marked by a rich culinary tradition, with a festive dinner that includes sophisticated dishes. Midnight Mass is a religious tradition held at midnight on Christmas Eve. In the Provence region, there is the tradition of the "Thirteen Desserts" that represent Jesus and the apostles. Santa Claus is called "Père Noël" and he distributes gifts. Christmas markets are popular, and the Advent Calendar is a common countdown. Christmas Eve is a night of celebration, and the French also celebrate St. Stephen's Day on December 26th. Singing Christmas carols and exchanging gifts are part of the celebrations.

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Christmas in India is a festive celebration that combines Christian traditions with local cultural influences. Homes and churches are decorated with Christmas lights and trees, and celebrations include live nativity scenes, Christmas carols and Midnight Mass. Exchanging gifts is a tradition, and festive meals include local dishes and Western delicacies. Furthermore, Christmas in India reflects religious tolerance, with people from different religious backgrounds participating in the celebrations.

Christmas in India is a festive celebration that combines Christian traditions with local cultural influences. Homes and churches are decorated with Christmas lights and trees, and celebrations include live nativity scenes, Christmas carols and Midnight Mass. Exchanging gifts is a tradition, and festive meals include local dishes and Western delicacies. Furthermore, Christmas in India reflects religious tolerance, with people from different religious backgrounds participating in the celebrations.

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At the beginning, there is samba. Or semba. Or whatever the name given to the singing and dancing parties of the Bahians of Cidade Nova. Later, samba evolves into a distinct musical genre. Whether sung, like the one by the group that created "Pelo Telephone", or danced in the front rooms, including Ciata, among other Bahian "aunts" and their descendants. In backyards, Afro cults are celebrated with the tacit connivance of the police. Samba, now as a genre, is born from umbigada, batuque, lundu, polka and several other influences, with its graceful movements and captivating nuances, often intertwining with maxixe, the "excommunicated dance". It is this amaxixado samba, exemplified by artists such as Sinhô, nicknamed the King of Samba, and "Pelo Telephone" himself, which rocked Rio de Janeiro, including during Carnival, in the first three decades of the 20th century.

At the beginning, there is samba. Or semba. Or whatever the name given to the singing and dancing parties of the Bahians of Cidade Nova. Later, samba evolves into a distinct musical genre. Whether sung, like the one by the group that created "Pelo Telephone", or danced in the front rooms, including Ciata, among other Bahian "aunts" and their descendants. In backyards, Afro cults are celebrated with the tacit connivance of the police. Samba, now as a genre, is born from umbigada, batuque, lundu, polka and several other influences, with its graceful movements and captivating nuances, often intertwining with maxixe, the "excommunicated dance". It is this amaxixado samba, exemplified by artists such as Sinhô, nicknamed the King of Samba, and "Pelo Telephone" himself, which rocked Rio de Janeiro, including during Carnival, in the first three decades of the 20th century.

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The basic uniform in artistic gymnastics consists of a Lycra leotard for women and shorts or pants for men, usually accompanied by socks on the feet. During competitions, gymnasts compete barefoot. The use of magnesium powder to prevent slips and injuries is common, especially in bars events. Other accessories include palm protectors and mattresses to cushion falls. Competitions take place in closed spaces, such as gymnasiums and stadiums adapted for specific gymnastics equipment. The modality is divided into men

The basic uniform in artistic gymnastics consists of a Lycra leotard for women and shorts or pants for men, usually accompanied by socks on the feet. During competitions, gymnasts compete barefoot. The use of magnesium powder to prevent slips and injuries is common, especially in bars events. Other accessories include palm protectors and mattresses to cushion falls. Competitions take place in closed spaces, such as gymnasiums and stadiums adapted for specific gymnastics equipment. The modality is divided into men's (MAG) and women's (WAG) artistic gymnastics, each with its own set of equipment and movements. Men's equipment includes floor exercise, table vault, pommel horse, parallel bars, chin-up bar and rings, while women's equipment includes beam, floor exercise, table vault and uneven bars.

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Brazilian folk songs are popular compositions, often of unknown origin, originating in the interior regions of Brazil and transmitted from generation to generation over time. They play a significant role in popular culture, being used for recreational purposes, such as games and games, as well as for simple fun. These songs are characterized by simple and highly repetitive lyrics, which makes memorization easier. They generally address everyday themes, such as love, dating, marriage and relationships, with some of them incorporating characters from Brazilian folklore. Most Brazilian folk music is accompanied by the sound of a caipira viola or a guitar.

Brazilian folk songs are popular compositions, often of unknown origin, originating in the interior regions of Brazil and transmitted from generation to generation over time. They play a significant role in popular culture, being used for recreational purposes, such as games and games, as well as for simple fun. These songs are characterized by simple and highly repetitive lyrics, which makes memorization easier. They generally address everyday themes, such as love, dating, marriage and relationships, with some of them incorporating characters from Brazilian folklore. Most Brazilian folk music is accompanied by the sound of a caipira viola or a guitar.

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October 9th is European Rock Art Day. This date was established to raise awareness of the importance of rock art in European culture and history. Rock art refers to paintings and engravings made on rocks, dating back to prehistoric times. These works offer a valuable insight into ancient societies, their ways of life, beliefs and interactions with the environment. Rock art is considered a significant cultural heritage, not only for its aesthetic value, but also for its ability to tell the story of humanity. On this day, various organizations, museums and cultural institutions organize events, guided tours and educational activities to highlight the relevance of rock art.

October 9th is European Rock Art Day. This date was established to raise awareness of the importance of rock art in European culture and history. Rock art refers to paintings and engravings made on rocks, dating back to prehistoric times. These works offer a valuable insight into ancient societies, their ways of life, beliefs and interactions with the environment. Rock art is considered a significant cultural heritage, not only for its aesthetic value, but also for its ability to tell the story of humanity. On this day, various organizations, museums and cultural institutions organize events, guided tours and educational activities to highlight the relevance of rock art.

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To choose the perfect beer, try different styles and brands, take food pairings into account and consider flavors, acidity and alcohol content. For example, for pasta, choose Dark Lager, Strong Ale or Pilsner, while for barbecue, opt for Pilsner, Stout or Brown Ale. Seafood pairs well with English Pale Ale, Amber Ale, Hefeweizen and Witbier, and for desserts, choose Stout, Porter or Fruit Lambic. Cheeses can be paired with a variety of beers, but dark beers like porter and stout generally work well. If it is vegetarian food, Pilsner is a good choice due to the variety of vegetarian ingredients.

To choose the perfect beer, try different styles and brands, take food pairings into account and consider flavors, acidity and alcohol content. For example, for pasta, choose Dark Lager, Strong Ale or Pilsner, while for barbecue, opt for Pilsner, Stout or Brown Ale. Seafood pairs well with English Pale Ale, Amber Ale, Hefeweizen and Witbier, and for desserts, choose Stout, Porter or Fruit Lambic. Cheeses can be paired with a variety of beers, but dark beers like porter and stout generally work well. If it is vegetarian food, Pilsner is a good choice due to the variety of vegetarian ingredients.

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The Moon and the giant planets: The movement of the Moon around the Earth helps to stabilize the axis of rotation, maintaining a constant tilt, which is crucial for the cycle of the seasons . In addition, the gravitational force of the Moon is responsible for the occurrence of tides and ocean currents , which influence the Earth
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The Moon and the giant planets: The movement of the Moon around the Earth helps to stabilize the axis of rotation, maintaining a constant tilt, which is crucial for the cycle of the seasons . In addition, the gravitational force of the Moon is responsible for the occurrence of tides and ocean currents , which influence the Earth's climate . The gravity of the giant planets, especially Jupiter, attracts asteroids and comets that could collide with the Earth and cause extinctions .
Earth's magnetic field: This field acts as a protective shield, deflecting much of the harmful radiation emitted by the Sun.

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In the 1990s, the Copa Libertadores witnessed the resurgence of some South American clubs. Olimpia, led by Luis Cubilla, regained their glory by winning the tournament in 1990 and reaching the final again in 1991, although they were defeated by Colo-Colo of Chile. São Paulo emerged as a dominant force, winning the competition in 1992 and 1993, under the leadership of Telê Santana and with a stellar team. Grêmio lifted the trophy in 1995, while River Plate triumphed in 1996. Brazilian football continued to prevail at the end of the decade, with Cruzeiro, Vasco da Gama and Palmeiras winning the titles in 1997, 1998 and 1999 respectively . Vasco da Gama and Palmeiras also contributed to the rise of coach Luiz Felipe Scolari, who led Grêmio to the title in 1995 before guiding them to another success with Palmeiras in 1999.

In the 1990s, the Copa Libertadores witnessed the resurgence of some South American clubs. Olimpia, led by Luis Cubilla, regained their glory by winning the tournament in 1990 and reaching the final again in 1991, although they were defeated by Colo-Colo of Chile.
São Paulo emerged as a dominant force, winning the competition in 1992 and 1993, under the leadership of Telê Santana and with a stellar team. Grêmio lifted the trophy in 1995, while River Plate triumphed in 1996.
Brazilian football continued to prevail at the end of the decade, with Cruzeiro, Vasco da Gama and Palmeiras winning the titles in 1997, 1998 and 1999 respectively . Vasco da Gama and Palmeiras also contributed to the rise of coach Luiz Felipe Scolari, who led Grêmio to the title in 1995 before guiding them to another success with Palmeiras in 1999.

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In the 50s, the effects of the import of records and the influence of cinema began to manifest themselves in samba from the second half of the 1940s, notably in 1946, when Dick Farney recorded Copacabana. Romantic samba-canção, more melodic and with lyrics generally dedicated to lost or unrequited loves, began to predominate throughout the 1950s. Although traditional samba resisted, it was relegated mainly to carnival, quickly being eclipsed by samba-canção . The latter enters into direct competition with the bolero and the fox in the various dances that proliferate in clubs, dance halls and homes. Figures such as beach singer Dorival Caymmi and waltz composer José Maria de Abreu adhere to this trend, while critics raise objections to the direction taken by samba-canção. Some consider it overly Americanized, especially due to the elaborate orchestral arrangements.

In the 50s, the effects of the import of records and the influence of cinema began to manifest themselves in samba from the second half of the 1940s, notably in 1946, when Dick Farney recorded Copacabana. Romantic samba-canção, more melodic and with lyrics generally dedicated to lost or unrequited loves, began to predominate throughout the 1950s. Although traditional samba resisted, it was relegated mainly to carnival, quickly being eclipsed by samba-canção . The latter enters into direct competition with the bolero and the fox in the various dances that proliferate in clubs, dance halls and homes. Figures such as beach singer Dorival Caymmi and waltz composer José Maria de Abreu adhere to this trend, while critics raise objections to the direction taken by samba-canção. Some consider it overly Americanized, especially due to the elaborate orchestral arrangements.

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Many years ago on the island of Terceira, in the Azores, a young noblewoman was forced to marry a man her father had chosen. However, her heart belonged to a house slave. Despite the conventions of the time prohibiting such love, the two secretly fell in love. When the husband found out, he had the slave arrested. He fled through the hills, but when he found himself cornered, his tears of sadness gave rise to a lake. Pursued by hunting horses, the slave jumped into the lake and drowned. The lagoon became known as the "Lagoa do Negro" and is located on the island of Terceira, in the Azores.

Many years ago on the island of Terceira, in the Azores, a young noblewoman was forced to marry a man her father had chosen. However, her heart belonged to a house slave. Despite the conventions of the time prohibiting such love, the two secretly fell in love. When the husband found out, he had the slave arrested. He fled through the hills, but when he found himself cornered, his tears of sadness gave rise to a lake. Pursued by hunting horses, the slave jumped into the lake and drowned. The lagoon became known as the "Lagoa do Negro" and is located on the island of Terceira, in the Azores.

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French cuisine, renowned globally, stands out for its diversity of cheeses, wines, meats and sweets. Each region has distinct characteristics: northwest with butter and apples, Provence with olive oil and tomatoes, southwest with duck fat and liver (foie gras), mushrooms (cèpes) and gizzards; and northeast with German influences, lard, sausages and sauerkraut are used. Additionally, other areas such as the Loire River valley, renowned for delicate freshwater fish dishes and white wines; and Basque cuisine, famous for its use of tomatoes and peppers; and Roussillon cuisine, similar to Catalan cuisine.

French cuisine, renowned globally, stands out for its diversity of cheeses, wines, meats and sweets. Each region has distinct characteristics: northwest with butter and apples, Provence with olive oil and tomatoes, southwest with duck fat and liver (foie gras), mushrooms (cèpes) and gizzards; and northeast with German influences, lard, sausages and sauerkraut are used. Additionally, other areas such as the Loire River valley, renowned for delicate freshwater fish dishes and white wines; and Basque cuisine, famous for its use of tomatoes and peppers; and Roussillon cuisine, similar to Catalan cuisine.

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World Brain Day is celebrated on July 22nd . This date was created by the World Federation of Neurology (WFN) to raise awareness of the importance of the brain in human health and well-being. The goal is to promote education about the brain, encourage research and innovation in the field of neuroscience, and highlight the importance of preventing and treating brain disorders. During World Brain Day, events are organized around the world, such as lectures, workshops, awareness campaigns and educational activities for people of all ages. The main focus is to promote brain health and provide information on how to keep the brain healthy throughout life.

World Brain Day is celebrated on July 22nd . This date was created by the World Federation of Neurology (WFN) to raise awareness of the importance of the brain in human health and well-being. The goal is to promote education about the brain, encourage research and innovation in the field of neuroscience, and highlight the importance of preventing and treating brain disorders. During World Brain Day, events are organized around the world, such as lectures, workshops, awareness campaigns and educational activities for people of all ages. The main focus is to promote brain health and provide information on how to keep the brain healthy throughout life.

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October 12 , Columbus Day, commemorates the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas on October 12, 1492, an important event in European colonization. Although the actual date is October 12, in the United States the holiday is celebrated on the second Monday in October, and has been a federal holiday since 1971. In New York City, the traditional parade has been held since 1929, with over 35,000 participants and over 1 million spectators, including floats and contingents. The holiday is also celebrated in countries such as Spain and Italy, honoring the Italian heritage. Officially established in 1937, Columbus Day is controversial due to the impact of colonization on indigenous populations. Some cities have replaced the date with Indigenous Peoples

October 12 , Columbus Day, commemorates the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas on October 12, 1492, an important event in European colonization. Although the actual date is October 12, in the United States the holiday is celebrated on the second Monday in October, and has been a federal holiday since 1971. In New York City, the traditional parade has been held since 1929, with over 35,000 participants and over 1 million spectators, including floats and contingents. The holiday is also celebrated in countries such as Spain and Italy, honoring the Italian heritage. Officially established in 1937, Columbus Day is controversial due to the impact of colonization on indigenous populations. Some cities have replaced the date with Indigenous Peoples' Day. In Spanish-speaking countries, it is known as Hispanidad Day.

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In Europe and the United States, most of Santa

In Europe and the United States, most of Santa's reindeer have traditionally masculine names, such as Rodolfo, Comet, Cupid, Thunder and Lightning, while the others are called Runner, Dancer, Prancer and Fox. However, during part of the year, male reindeer lose their antlers. So despite their masculine names, it's likely that the reindeer pulling Santa's sleigh are actually female. The idea of Santa's reindeer has roots in Norse and Scandinavian mythology. Rudolph, with his bright red nose, is one of the most famous reindeer in history.

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The Beatles were one of the most famous and influential bands in music history. The group was formed in Liverpool, England, in 1960, and consisted of four main members: John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. The Beatles released a series of breakthrough albums and hit singles during their career. Their early albums, such as "Please Please Me" (1963) and "A Hard Day

The Beatles were one of the most famous and influential bands in music history. The group was formed in Liverpool, England, in 1960, and consisted of four main members: John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. The Beatles released a series of breakthrough albums and hit singles during their career. Their early albums, such as "Please Please Me" (1963) and "A Hard Day's Night" (1964), captivated audiences with their upbeat, energetic sound. Throughout their career, The Beatles released a number of iconic songs that became pop culture anthems, including "Hey Jude", "Let It Be", "Yesterday", "Come Together" and "A Hard Day's Night". among many others. Sadly, The Beatles broke up in 1970, each member going their own individual musical paths. However, its impact continues to this day.

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In 1980, Nacional won its second Copa Libertadores by beating Internacional in Brazil. The following year, in 1981, Flamengo of Brazil triumphed with a stellar team led by Zico, Júnior, Leandro, Adílio, Nunes, Tita and Carpegiani, defeating Cobreloa of Chile in the final. After 16 years, Peñarol recovered the title in 1982 by beating Cobreloa in the final. In 1983, Grêmio de Porto Alegre made history by winning their first title by defeating Peñarol in the final. Independiente ended their impressive run of titles in 1984, winning their seventh and final trophy by defeating Grêmio in the final. Independiente

In 1980, Nacional won its second Copa Libertadores by beating Internacional in Brazil. The following year, in 1981, Flamengo of Brazil triumphed with a stellar team led by Zico, Júnior, Leandro, Adílio, Nunes, Tita and Carpegiani, defeating Cobreloa of Chile in the final.
After 16 years, Peñarol recovered the title in 1982 by beating Cobreloa in the final. In 1983, Grêmio de Porto Alegre made history by winning their first title by defeating Peñarol in the final. Independiente ended their impressive run of titles in 1984, winning their seventh and final trophy by defeating Grêmio in the final. Independiente's highlights were Jorge Burruchaga and Ricardo Bochini.

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In the 40s, samba-exaltação, full of patriotism and national exaltation, accompanied for some time the success of Aquarela do Brasil by Ary Barroso, released in 1939 and internationally acclaimed. However, it is carnival samba that is at its peak during the Second World War and in subsequent years. This rise is largely attributed to lively dances and street blocks, which sing the hits of the year instead of original compositions. Although samba schools are gradually growing, it is carnival music, previously performed on Sundays in October during the Penha festival, that gains prominence on the microphones of Rádio Nacional. In this scenario, every singer, regardless of their fame, is forced to record at least one album for Carnival, with marches on one side and sambas on the other.

In the 40s, samba-exaltação, full of patriotism and national exaltation, accompanied for some time the success of Aquarela do Brasil by Ary Barroso, released in 1939 and internationally acclaimed. However, it is carnival samba that is at its peak during the Second World War and in subsequent years. This rise is largely attributed to lively dances and street blocks, which sing the hits of the year instead of original compositions. Although samba schools are gradually growing, it is carnival music, previously performed on Sundays in October during the Penha festival, that gains prominence on the microphones of Rádio Nacional. In this scenario, every singer, regardless of their fame, is forced to record at least one album for Carnival, with marches on one side and sambas on the other.

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The band Tower of Power, formed in California in 1968, released the album "East Bay Grease" in 1970, marking a crucial point in the development of funk. Throughout the 1970s, the band contributed to popularizing funk, also influencing the funk-rock movement led by George Clinton, which resulted in the bands Parliament and Funkadelic. Funk, initially unknown to white audiences, gained prominence in the 1970s, especially through disco music. Groups such as Mandrill, BT Express, Earth, Wind & Fire, Michael Jackson and Prince contributed to the expansion of funk, which maintained its popularity even with the emergence of disco. Furthermore, funk was exported to Africa, giving rise to afrobeat, with Fela Kuti considered the creator of this style.

The band Tower of Power, formed in California in 1968, released the album "East Bay Grease" in 1970, marking a crucial point in the development of funk. Throughout the 1970s, the band contributed to popularizing funk, also influencing the funk-rock movement led by George Clinton, which resulted in the bands Parliament and Funkadelic. Funk, initially unknown to white audiences, gained prominence in the 1970s, especially through disco music. Groups such as Mandrill, BT Express, Earth, Wind & Fire, Michael Jackson and Prince contributed to the expansion of funk, which maintained its popularity even with the emergence of disco. Furthermore, funk was exported to Africa, giving rise to afrobeat, with Fela Kuti considered the creator of this style.

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Magusto is a festival between October and November, associated with dates such as Saint Simon

Magusto is a festival between October and November, associated with dates such as Saint Simon's Day, All Saints' Day and Saint Martin's Day. It is celebrated around bonfires, roasting chestnuts with jeropiga, açaí or new wine. The brave jump over the bonfire, and "filling" it with ashes is part of the tradition. Despite the rain in autumn, "Saint Martin's summer" brings sunshine. The legend of Saint Martin, related to a rainy day, explains this phenomenon. A specific tradition, the "Magusto da Velha", takes place in Aldeia de Viçosa on December 26, honoring a rich old woman with the throwing of chestnuts from the bell tower and prayers. The event in Barqueiros, Mesão Frio, connects magusto to ancient rituals in honor of the dead.

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Holly leaves are used in Christmas celebrations due to their symbolism of life and hope, as they remain green throughout the winter. They are incorporated into wreaths, arrangements and holiday decorations to represent the vitality and joy of the season. Additionally, holly had superstitions of protection against evil and is often combined with mistletoe. There is also a tradition of kissing under the holly tree during Christmas as a symbol of good luck and love.

Holly leaves are used in Christmas celebrations due to their symbolism of life and hope, as they remain green throughout the winter. They are incorporated into wreaths, arrangements and holiday decorations to represent the vitality and joy of the season. Additionally, holly had superstitions of protection against evil and is often combined with mistletoe. There is also a tradition of kissing under the holly tree during Christmas as a symbol of good luck and love.

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Pagode and samba, although they share roots, have marked differences. Samba has a slower rhythm and focuses on social themes, using string instruments. In contrast, pagode is more fast-paced, with everyday lyrics, and may include wind instruments. Both are enjoyed in Brazil, with samba being a deep-rooted cultural expression, while pagode evolved as a contemporary variant of samba, gaining recent popularity. Recognizing this musical diversity is fundamental to appreciating the richness of Brazilian music.

Pagode and samba, although they share roots, have marked differences. Samba has a slower rhythm and focuses on social themes, using string instruments. In contrast, pagode is more fast-paced, with everyday lyrics, and may include wind instruments. Both are enjoyed in Brazil, with samba being a deep-rooted cultural expression, while pagode evolved as a contemporary variant of samba, gaining recent popularity. Recognizing this musical diversity is fundamental to appreciating the richness of Brazilian music.

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From the early 1970s onwards, funk gave rise to several subgenres, such as psychedelic funk, funk rock, jazz-funk, avant-funk, go-go, boogie, electro-funk, funk metal, G-funk, Timba funk, funk jam and samba-funk. Each subgenre incorporates distinct elements, such as the use of synthesizers in psychedelic funk, the fusion of funk and rock in funk rock, and the influence of jazz in jazz-funk. Notable artists include George Clinton, Prince, and bands like Red Hot Chili Peppers and Living Color. Funk continued to evolve and influence diverse musical styles throughout the decades, from the 1970s to the 1990s and beyond.

From the early 1970s onwards, funk gave rise to several subgenres, such as psychedelic funk, funk rock, jazz-funk, avant-funk, go-go, boogie, electro-funk, funk metal, G-funk, Timba funk, funk jam and samba-funk. Each subgenre incorporates distinct elements, such as the use of synthesizers in psychedelic funk, the fusion of funk and rock in funk rock, and the influence of jazz in jazz-funk. Notable artists include George Clinton, Prince, and bands like Red Hot Chili Peppers and Living Color. Funk continued to evolve and influence diverse musical styles throughout the decades, from the 1970s to the 1990s and beyond.

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In the 1980s, the term "pagode" - initially associated with samba parties in suburban backyards - underwent a transformation in meaning. Throughout this decade, the Cacique de Ramos block not only introduced new accompaniment elements, such as the banjo, the tantã instead of the surdo, and the hand repique, but also reconfigured the sound, giving rise to a new generation of samba players, with emphasis on Almir Guineto and Zeca Pagodinho. The Fundo de Quintal group emerges as a prominent representative of this movement. Many Cacique samba players go on to successful solo careers. Beth Carvalho, eventually honored as godmother of the block, draws the attention of record companies to the quality of what is being produced there. These record companies release albums known as "pau-de-sebo", distributing the tracks among several artists to, in the end, select those who deserve an exclusive album.

In the 1980s, the term "pagode" - initially associated with samba parties in suburban backyards - underwent a transformation in meaning. Throughout this decade, the Cacique de Ramos block not only introduced new accompaniment elements, such as the banjo, the tantã instead of the surdo, and the hand repique, but also reconfigured the sound, giving rise to a new generation of samba players, with emphasis on Almir Guineto and Zeca Pagodinho. The Fundo de Quintal group emerges as a prominent representative of this movement. Many Cacique samba players go on to successful solo careers. Beth Carvalho, eventually honored as godmother of the block, draws the attention of record companies to the quality of what is being produced there. These record companies release albums known as "pau-de-sebo", distributing the tracks among several artists to, in the end, select those who deserve an exclusive album.

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A pivotal moment in the tournament

A pivotal moment in the tournament's early history was the debut of Estudiantes, a modest Argentine club known as the Pincharratas. They adopted an unusual playing style, focused on physical preparation and the search for victories at all costs. Under the leadership of coach Osvaldo Zubeldía and with players such as Carlos Bilardo, Oscar Malbernat and Juan Ramón Verón, Estudiantes became the first team to win three consecutive titles in the competition, defeating Palmeiras in 1968 and later successfully defending the title in 1969 and 1970.

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The Kingdom Plantae (Kingdom of Plants) encompasses eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic (photosynthetic) beings with a cell wall rich in cellulose.
Main features:
Photosynthesis: They produce their food using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide.
Reproduction: Can be sexual (with gametes) or asexual (cloning, spores, budding).
Classification:
Bryophytes: Small, without conducting vessels (e.g. mosses).
Pteridophytes: They have vessels, but no seeds (e.g.: ferns).
Gymnosperms: "Naked" seeds, without fruit (e.g. pine trees).
Angiosperms: Seeds protected by fruits, flowers (e.g. fruit trees).
Plants are essential for environmental balance, providing oxygen, food and shelter. In education, studying this kingdom develops notions about ecology, biodiversity and sustainability.

The Kingdom Plantae (Kingdom of Plants) encompasses eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic (photosynthetic) beings with a cell wall rich in cellulose.
Main features:
Photosynthesis: They produce their food using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide.
Reproduction: Can be sexual (with gametes) or asexual (cloning, spores, budding).
Classification:
Bryophytes: Small, without conducting vessels (e.g. mosses).
Pteridophytes: They have vessels, but no seeds (e.g.: ferns).
Gymnosperms: "Naked" seeds, without fruit (e.g. pine trees).
Angiosperms: Seeds protected by fruits, flowers (e.g. fruit trees).
Plants are essential for environmental balance, providing oxygen, food and shelter. In education, studying this kingdom develops notions about ecology, biodiversity and sustainability.

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One of the superclusters of galaxies existing in the Universe is known as the Virgo Supercluster. Within this supercluster is inserted a galactic set called the Local Group, which includes our own galaxy, the Milky Way. This spiral galaxy, composed of about one hundred billion stars, gases and dust particles, has in one of its arms the Orion Arm, where our Sun and the entire Solar System are located. The Earth, being the third planet from the Sun in the Solar System, is part of this context.

One of the superclusters of galaxies existing in the Universe is known as the Virgo Supercluster. Within this supercluster is inserted a galactic set called the Local Group, which includes our own galaxy, the Milky Way. This spiral galaxy, composed of about one hundred billion stars, gases and dust particles, has in one of its arms the Orion Arm, where our Sun and the entire Solar System are located. The Earth, being the third planet from the Sun in the Solar System, is part of this context.

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In the 80s, rock went through an exciting phase, witnessing the emergence of new forms and the consolidation of iconic bands. Initially more sophisticated, rock evolved to incorporate elements of pop culture, with bands such as Duran Duran and The Police standing out. The decade was also marked by the bold look of hard rock, with groups such as Guns N

In the 80s, rock went through an exciting phase, witnessing the emergence of new forms and the consolidation of iconic bands. Initially more sophisticated, rock evolved to incorporate elements of pop culture, with bands such as Duran Duran and The Police standing out. The decade was also marked by the bold look of hard rock, with groups such as Guns N' Roses and Bon Jovi. U2 maintained its success, while heavy metal prospered with bands like Metallica, Megadeth and Slayer, as well as extreme subgenres like black metal with Venom, Bathory and Mercyful Fate. Iron Maiden, with the iconic Eddie the Head, became one of the main bands of the genre. In Brazil, successful groups included Legião Urbana, Barão Vermelho, Capital Inicial, Paralamas do Sucesso, Titãs, RPM and Plebe Rude. In the mid-1980s, Sepultura was created, considered by some to be the biggest Brazilian heavy metal band.

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It is a game focused on the magical sport of Quidditch, allowing players to experience the excitement of matches in the Harry Potter universe. Developed by Unbroken Studios and published by Warner Bros. Games, the title offers an immersive experience with several playable positions, such as Seeker, Gunner, Beater and Goalkeeper, in addition to allowing customization of characters and flying styles. The game includes career modes, multiplayer competitions and a PvP (player versus player) version, where you can compete with friends. One of the great advantages is that the game

It is a game focused on the magical sport of Quidditch, allowing players to experience the excitement of matches in the Harry Potter universe. Developed by Unbroken Studios and published by Warner Bros. Games, the title offers an immersive experience with several playable positions, such as Seeker, Gunner, Beater and Goalkeeper, in addition to allowing customization of characters and flying styles. The game includes career modes, multiplayer competitions and a PvP (player versus player) version, where you can compete with friends. One of the great advantages is that the game's content can be unlocked only through progress, without microtransactions. The game also introduces new rules for Quidditch, such as changing the value of the Golden Snitch and the duration of matches. This game offers a new vision of the wizarding world, with new scenarios and arcade-style gameplay, differentiating itself from other titles such as Hogwarts Legacy.

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Education Day, celebrated on April 28 , refers to the closing of the 2000 World Education Forum, in Dakar, Senegal. At this event, 164 countries committed to guaranteeing basic and secondary education for all children and young people by 2030. In addition to highlighting the relevance of education beyond the school environment, encompassing family and social values, this date is also marked by initiatives in several educational institutions to raise awareness in the community about the importance of learning in the education of children and adolescents.

Education Day, celebrated on April 28 , refers to the closing of the 2000 World Education Forum, in Dakar, Senegal. At this event, 164 countries committed to guaranteeing basic and secondary education for all children and young people by 2030. In addition to highlighting the relevance of education beyond the school environment, encompassing family and social values, this date is also marked by initiatives in several educational institutions to raise awareness in the community about the importance of learning in the education of children and adolescents.

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Geography is a very old science, and was born in Greece, at first it was limited to describing the Earth

Geography is a very old science, and was born in Greece, at first it was limited to describing the Earth's surface known at the time.
Geography = Geo (Earth) + spelling (description)
Currently, and taking into account the complexity of the aspects that can be observed on the earth's surface, Geography is not limited to describing but also interpreting existing phenomena, as well as the relationships that are established, in order to find solutions to existing problems. In short, Geography is the science dedicated to the study of physical and human phenomena that occur on the Earth's surface and the interrelationships that they establish.

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The Sumerians, inhabitants of Mesopotamia, were the first to create civilizations and believed that beer was a gift from the goddess Ninkasi. According to legend, beer magically emerged from a mixture of water and barley, transforming into a golden liquid. The Babylonians also honored beer in their writings. They established the Code of Hammurabi, one of the first legal codes, which regulated the production, quality and distribution of beer. The code imposed severe punishments for poor quality beer, established that innkeepers would be paid in barley and regulated the quantity of beer to be served according to the quantity of barley received.

The Sumerians, inhabitants of Mesopotamia, were the first to create civilizations and believed that beer was a gift from the goddess Ninkasi. According to legend, beer magically emerged from a mixture of water and barley, transforming into a golden liquid. The Babylonians also honored beer in their writings. They established the Code of Hammurabi, one of the first legal codes, which regulated the production, quality and distribution of beer. The code imposed severe punishments for poor quality beer, established that innkeepers would be paid in barley and regulated the quantity of beer to be served according to the quantity of barley received.

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Brazilian Literature Day, on May 1 , celebrates the great writers and their works that shaped the diversity of the country

Brazilian Literature Day, on May 1 , celebrates the great writers and their works that shaped the diversity of the country's literary schools. In addition to honoring José de Alencar, recognized for his remarkable novels, the day highlights the importance of national literature, from the 16th century to contemporary movements. The date also coincides with National Children's Book Day, highlighting Monteiro Lobato's legacy in Brazilian children's literature.

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In Elemental, the protagonists Drop and Spark were created digitally with around 10,000 controls, surpassing Pixar

In Elemental, the protagonists Drop and Spark were created digitally with around 10,000 controls, surpassing Pixar's average of 4,000. Director Peter Sohn highlights the challenges resulting from multiple layers of effects. Realistic details were considered, such as the exclusion of the shadow effect for Spark, representing the nature of fire. Gota received special attention to portray the authenticity of water, including bluish tones, malleable shapes and rising bubbles.

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The film Oppenheimer chronicles the trajectory of J. Robert Oppenheimer from his studies at Cambridge to his leadership of the Manhattan Project to develop the nuclear bomb during World War II. Following the successful nuclear test, Oppenheimer faces ethical and political dilemmas over the use of the bomb, and his views against the continued development of nuclear weapons bring him into conflict with government authorities. His career is marked by political tensions and disputes, resulting in the revocation of his security clearance and the decline of his political influence.

The film Oppenheimer chronicles the trajectory of J. Robert Oppenheimer from his studies at Cambridge to his leadership of the Manhattan Project to develop the nuclear bomb during World War II. Following the successful nuclear test, Oppenheimer faces ethical and political dilemmas over the use of the bomb, and his views against the continued development of nuclear weapons bring him into conflict with government authorities. His career is marked by political tensions and disputes, resulting in the revocation of his security clearance and the decline of his political influence.

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Wish is an upcoming Disney animated musical film that combines computer animation with traditional watercolor animation. Directed by Chris Buck and Fawn Veerasunthorn, the film tells the story of Asha, a 17-year-old girl who makes a passionate wish upon the stars in the Kingdom of Roses, where she feels a darkness that no one else notices. Inspired by Disney

Wish is an upcoming Disney animated musical film that combines computer animation with traditional watercolor animation. Directed by Chris Buck and Fawn Veerasunthorn, the film tells the story of Asha, a 17-year-old girl who makes a passionate wish upon the stars in the Kingdom of Roses, where she feels a darkness that no one else notices. Inspired by Disney's 100th anniversary, the film explores the recurring theme that wishes come true. Julia Michaels and Benjamin Rice are responsible for the songs, while David Metzger composes the soundtrack.

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Cotopaxi, the highest active volcano in the world, stands out in a national park with lakes and Andean animals, and is a tourist attraction about 95 kilometers from Quito. Despite its grandeur and beauty, it is an active volcano, with more than 50 recorded eruptions since 1738. Tourists seek to reach its peak at 5,897 meters above sea level, while Cotopaxi National Park offers several attractions, including rivers, lakes and a variety of fauna . Volcanic activities have been monitored by the Ecuadorian government and universities since the last major eruption in 1904.

Cotopaxi, the highest active volcano in the world, stands out in a national park with lakes and Andean animals, and is a tourist attraction about 95 kilometers from Quito. Despite its grandeur and beauty, it is an active volcano, with more than 50 recorded eruptions since 1738. Tourists seek to reach its peak at 5,897 meters above sea level, while Cotopaxi National Park offers several attractions, including rivers, lakes and a variety of fauna . Volcanic activities have been monitored by the Ecuadorian government and universities since the last major eruption in 1904.

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Christmas in Ireland is a celebration that combines religious and cultural traditions. The houses are decorated with candles in the windows and twinkling lights. Midnight Mass is an important part, and singing Christmas carols is a cherished tradition. Families share a festive supper with traditional dishes, and Boxing Day is celebrated the following day. Santa Claus delivers gifts, and Christmas light festivals and dancing are common. Generosity is emphasized, with donations to those in need. Ireland celebrates Christmas in a warm and festive way, combining tradition and fun. Therefore, they maintain the custom of saving Santa a piece of meat and Guinness beer.

Christmas in Ireland is a celebration that combines religious and cultural traditions. The houses are decorated with candles in the windows and twinkling lights. Midnight Mass is an important part, and singing Christmas carols is a cherished tradition. Families share a festive supper with traditional dishes, and Boxing Day is celebrated the following day. Santa Claus delivers gifts, and Christmas light festivals and dancing are common. Generosity is emphasized, with donations to those in need. Ireland celebrates Christmas in a warm and festive way, combining tradition and fun. Therefore, they maintain the custom of saving Santa a piece of meat and Guinness beer.

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Element City, the main setting of Elemental, is modeled after New York, with immigrant neighborhoods made of organic materials associated with each element. For example, Fire Town is built with ceramics, metal and brick. Designer Don Shank highlights the interaction between design and technology in creating the characters Ember and Wade. Personifying elements like fire and water was challenging, especially for Wade, a transparent character. Inspired by cities like Venice and Amsterdam, set designers sought intricate details for the city. Due to the pandemic, the team used online tour videos for inspiration since they were unable to travel to these cities during production.

Element City, the main setting of Elemental, is modeled after New York, with immigrant neighborhoods made of organic materials associated with each element. For example, Fire Town is built with ceramics, metal and brick. Designer Don Shank highlights the interaction between design and technology in creating the characters Ember and Wade. Personifying elements like fire and water was challenging, especially for Wade, a transparent character. Inspired by cities like Venice and Amsterdam, set designers sought intricate details for the city. Due to the pandemic, the team used online tour videos for inspiration since they were unable to travel to these cities during production.

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The arch apparatus in rhythmic gymnastics is one of the five pieces of equipment used by gymnasts. Made from wood or plastic, the bow is between 80 and 90 cm in internal diameter and is used to create graceful, fluid movements. During the routine, the gymnast uses the hoop to perform rolls, passes, rotations and jumps. The judges evaluate the gymnast

The arch apparatus in rhythmic gymnastics is one of the five pieces of equipment used by gymnasts. Made from wood or plastic, the bow is between 80 and 90 cm in internal diameter and is used to create graceful, fluid movements. During the routine, the gymnast uses the hoop to perform rolls, passes, rotations and jumps. The judges evaluate the gymnast's precision, coordination and elegance during the execution of the hoop movements. Creativity and skill are key to creating a captivating and impressive presentation.

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In 1972, UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage with the purpose of identifying, preserving and conserving landscapes of great value to humanity. These landscapes, whether natural or humanized, contribute to human knowledge and history or face extinction risks. Since then, global efforts have been directed towards protecting and conserving World Heritage Sites such as the Memphis Necropolis and the pyramids from Giza to Dahshur in Egypt, the Giant Panda Sanctuary in China and Machu Picchu in Peru, the Subantarctic Islands New Zealanders in New Zealand, among others.

In 1972, UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage with the purpose of identifying, preserving and conserving landscapes of great value to humanity. These landscapes, whether natural or humanized, contribute to human knowledge and history or face extinction risks. Since then, global efforts have been directed towards protecting and conserving World Heritage Sites such as the Memphis Necropolis and the pyramids from Giza to Dahshur in Egypt, the Giant Panda Sanctuary in China and Machu Picchu in Peru, the Subantarctic Islands New Zealanders in New Zealand, among others.

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The fixed bar in artistic gymnastics, exclusively for men, is a device where gymnasts perform rotating movements in an acrobatic routine. Credited to Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, it has been present at the Olympic Games since the first edition. Originally called a horizontal perch, it evolved with innovations, such as the inclusion of starts and restarts. The material is similar to that of women

The fixed bar in artistic gymnastics, exclusively for men, is a device where gymnasts perform rotating movements in an acrobatic routine. Credited to Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, it has been present at the Olympic Games since the first edition. Originally called a horizontal perch, it evolved with innovations, such as the inclusion of starts and restarts. The material is similar to that of women's asymmetrical bars, with malleability for gymnasts' safety. Palm protectors are used to prevent injuries. A good event requires several acrobatic elements and discounts are applied if gymnasts do not meet the minimum requirements. Movements on the chin-up bar include the cubital grip, support, support kippe and überschlag.

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Volleyball was invented on February 9, 1895 by William George Morgan in the United States. Initially known as Mintonette, the aim was to create a non-contact team sport to minimize injuries. Soon, the game, which started with a basketball, gained popularity under the name volleyball. Morgan died on December 27, 1942. In 1947, the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) was founded, and two years later the first World Championship took place, initially only for men. The women

Volleyball was invented on February 9, 1895 by William George Morgan in the United States. Initially known as Mintonette, the aim was to create a non-contact team sport to minimize injuries. Soon, the game, which started with a basketball, gained popularity under the name volleyball. Morgan died on December 27, 1942. In 1947, the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) was founded, and two years later the first World Championship took place, initially only for men. The women's event was included in 1952. Since 1964, volleyball has been an Olympic sport. Starting at the 1988 Olympic Games, a new rule prohibited interruptions to dry the court, leading players to carry towels tied to their shorts.

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The ball is one of the devices used in rhythmic gymnastics. Generally made of plastic or rubber, it has a diameter between 18 and 20 cm and weighs at least 400 g. During the routine, the gymnast manipulates the ball dynamically, keeping it in constant movement across the body or in balance. She performs a variety of body elements such as rolls, throws, recoveries and ball handling in sync with the music. The gymnast

The ball is one of the devices used in rhythmic gymnastics. Generally made of plastic or rubber, it has a diameter between 18 and 20 cm and weighs at least 400 g. During the routine, the gymnast manipulates the ball dynamically, keeping it in constant movement across the body or in balance. She performs a variety of body elements such as rolls, throws, recoveries and ball handling in sync with the music. The gymnast's skill, control and precision when manipulating the ball are evaluated by the judges. The ball adds an element of grace and fluidity to the gymnast's performance, contributing to a visually stunning performance.

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In the 1970s, rock reached its peak as a global style, but pop music emerged as a competitor. Rock underwent transformations, generating striking styles such as glam rock, characterized by basic sound and flashy clothes. Punk rock, with its aggressive attitude, also stood out, as did metal rock, which abandoned its blues roots. Bands like Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath emerged, consolidating hard rock and heavy metal. Arena rock thrived with Queen, Kiss and others. In Brazil, Raul Seixas, Novos Baianos and Secos e Molhados gained prominence. Names like Eric Clapton and David Bowie contributed to the music scene. Punk rock emerged at the end of the decade, led by Ramones, The Clash and Sex Pistols. The period witnessed the diversification and consolidation of rock into several aspects.

In the 1970s, rock reached its peak as a global style, but pop music emerged as a competitor. Rock underwent transformations, generating striking styles such as glam rock, characterized by basic sound and flashy clothes. Punk rock, with its aggressive attitude, also stood out, as did metal rock, which abandoned its blues roots. Bands like Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath emerged, consolidating hard rock and heavy metal. Arena rock thrived with Queen, Kiss and others. In Brazil, Raul Seixas, Novos Baianos and Secos e Molhados gained prominence. Names like Eric Clapton and David Bowie contributed to the music scene. Punk rock emerged at the end of the decade, led by Ramones, The Clash and Sex Pistols. The period witnessed the diversification and consolidation of rock into several aspects.

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Earth is a unique and extraordinary planet, being the common home of all species, where we still enjoy the best conditions of comfort, sustenance and protection for life. However, it was not always like this. The planet we know today is the result of a complex process of transformations that began about 4.6 billion years ago. With the advancement of science and technology, human intelligence has made our species the most dominant, capable of influencing natural processes, consuming large amounts of resources and, thus, shaping the future of the planet. Now, we have the responsibility to ensure the survival of all the species that share the Earth with us.
pixabay: openclipart

Earth is a unique and extraordinary planet, being the common home of all species, where we still enjoy the best conditions of comfort, sustenance and protection for life. However, it was not always like this. The planet we know today is the result of a complex process of transformations that began about 4.6 billion years ago. With the advancement of science and technology, human intelligence has made our species the most dominant, capable of influencing natural processes, consuming large amounts of resources and, thus, shaping the future of the planet. Now, we have the responsibility to ensure the survival of all the species that share the Earth with us.

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Rotation of the Planets:
As they move around the Sun, the planets rotate on themselves around an axis: they have a rotational movement.
The time it takes for a planet to complete a complete rotation around its axis is called its rotation period. The Earth

Rotation of the Planets: As they move around the Sun, the planets rotate on themselves around an axis: they have a rotational movement. The time it takes for a planet to complete a complete rotation around its axis is called its rotation period. The Earth's rotation period corresponds to one day on Earth. The rotation period is different from planet to planet and it is not possible to establish a relationship between the distance of the planets from the Sun and their rotation period.

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The Earth was an uninhabitable place with no breathable air for hundreds of millions of years after its formation. Over time, however, it developed an atmosphere that was quite different from the one we know today. The primitive atmosphere was composed of methane, ammonia, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapour, but there was no oxygen. Oxygen only appeared in the atmosphere due to its release by living beings, namely through photosynthesis. The first photosynthetic beings were not plants or algae, as they did not yet exist. The first living beings to carry out photosynthesis and release oxygen into the atmosphere were microorganisms similar to today

The Earth was an uninhabitable place with no breathable air for hundreds of millions of years after its formation. Over time, however, it developed an atmosphere that was quite different from the one we know today. The primitive atmosphere was composed of methane, ammonia, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapour, but there was no oxygen.
Oxygen only appeared in the atmosphere due to its release by living beings, namely through photosynthesis. The first photosynthetic beings were not plants or algae, as they did not yet exist. The first living beings to carry out photosynthesis and release oxygen into the atmosphere were microorganisms similar to today's bacteria that began to appear in the primitive oceans, more than 3,000 million years ago.

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World Turtle Day is celebrated on May 23rd every year. This date was created with the aim of raising awareness about the conservation of sea turtles and their habitats. Sea turtles face several threats, such as bycatch, habitat destruction, marine pollution and illegal hunting, which have brought many species to a state of danger of extinction. World Turtle Day serves as an opportunity to highlight the importance of protecting these incredible creatures and promoting conservation action around the world.

World Turtle Day is celebrated on May 23rd every year. This date was created with the aim of raising awareness about the conservation of sea turtles and their habitats. Sea turtles face several threats, such as bycatch, habitat destruction, marine pollution and illegal hunting, which have brought many species to a state of danger of extinction. World Turtle Day serves as an opportunity to highlight the importance of protecting these incredible creatures and promoting conservation action around the world.

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The marafona, also called matrafona in Alentejo, is a rag doll dressed in colorful regional costumes. These dolls play a significant role in local celebrations, such as the Festa das Cruzes in Monsanto, where single women dance with the marafonas. After the party, the dolls are placed on the beds to protect the house from storms and the evil eye. At weddings, they are kept under the bed to bring fertility and happiness to the couple. Marafonas are also an important part of the Caretos de Podence festival, in which a marafona is a masked woman. There is a legend that these dolls were used to trick the Moors during a siege at Monsanto. They also parade at the Torres Vedras Carnival.

The marafona, also called matrafona in Alentejo, is a rag doll dressed in colorful regional costumes. These dolls play a significant role in local celebrations, such as the Festa das Cruzes in Monsanto, where single women dance with the marafonas. After the party, the dolls are placed on the beds to protect the house from storms and the evil eye. At weddings, they are kept under the bed to bring fertility and happiness to the couple. Marafonas are also an important part of the Caretos de Podence festival, in which a marafona is a masked woman. There is a legend that these dolls were used to trick the Moors during a siege at Monsanto. They also parade at the Torres Vedras Carnival.

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The Kölsch beer style has its roots in Cologne, Germany, and its name comes from the local dialect. Although it has a history of brewing in Germany, it only received the name Kölsch after 1918. Initially, it was not popular due to its lightness compared to other beers in the region. Only in the 1960s did its production gain prominence, reaching 370 million liters after around 20 years. Today, Cologne is still home to 12 breweries producing Kölsch. As a general rule, the name Kölsch can only be used by approximately 20 breweries in the city of Köln (Cologne), in Germany, however, there are several breweries around the world that produce their version. Kölsch should be consumed fresh, as it has a short shelf life, usually served in 200ml glasses called Stangen, standing out for its light and bright color, with a fruity aroma due to its fermentation method.

The Kölsch beer style has its roots in Cologne, Germany, and its name comes from the local dialect. Although it has a history of brewing in Germany, it only received the name Kölsch after 1918. Initially, it was not popular due to its lightness compared to other beers in the region. Only in the 1960s did its production gain prominence, reaching 370 million liters after around 20 years. Today, Cologne is still home to 12 breweries producing Kölsch. As a general rule, the name Kölsch can only be used by approximately 20 breweries in the city of Köln (Cologne), in Germany, however, there are several breweries around the world that produce their version. Kölsch should be consumed fresh, as it has a short shelf life, usually served in 200ml glasses called Stangen, standing out for its light and bright color, with a fruity aroma due to its fermentation method.

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The celestial bodies that we identify as planets orbit around stars, just as the Earth circles the Sun. They do not emit light of their own, making visible only the portion that is illuminated by the stars. As a result, they are categorized as illuminated celestial bodies. In addition, they may have natural satellites, which are celestial bodies devoid of their own light and that orbit around them, as is the case of the moon, which orbits around the Earth.

The celestial bodies that we identify as planets orbit around stars, just as the Earth circles the Sun. They do not emit light of their own, making visible only the portion that is illuminated by the stars. As a result, they are categorized as illuminated celestial bodies. In addition, they may have natural satellites, which are celestial bodies devoid of their own light and that orbit around them, as is the case of the moon, which orbits around the Earth.

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Rhythmic gymnastics (GR) is a modality that combines body movements with elements of ballet and dance, performed in harmony with music and the use of equipment such as rope, hoop, ball, clubs and ribbon. Initially practiced only by women in competitions, a male version emerged in Japan. Gymnasts demonstrate harmony, grace and technical precision in their performances, developing the body in an integral way. Competitions take place on elastic platforms, and body movements are the basis of individual and group exercises. The main elements include balance, waves, mills, pivots and veils. Apparatus, such as rope, bow and ball, require specific skills and add beauty to presentations. The typical uniform includes leotards, shoes and gloves.

Rhythmic gymnastics (GR) is a modality that combines body movements with elements of ballet and dance, performed in harmony with music and the use of equipment such as rope, hoop, ball, clubs and ribbon. Initially practiced only by women in competitions, a male version emerged in Japan. Gymnasts demonstrate harmony, grace and technical precision in their performances, developing the body in an integral way. Competitions take place on elastic platforms, and body movements are the basis of individual and group exercises. The main elements include balance, waves, mills, pivots and veils. Apparatus, such as rope, bow and ball, require specific skills and add beauty to presentations. The typical uniform includes leotards, shoes and gloves.

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Known as Märzen, this style of beer is traditionally brewed in the Bavarian region during the month of March (März), especially for the Oktoberfest festivities. Derived from the Vienna Lager style, it has a smooth aroma of toasted malt and a varied range of colors, ranging from orange-amber to a deep reddish copper. With a medium body, it has a malty sweetness at the beginning and a moderately dry finish. Some prominent beers of this style include Paulaner Oktoberfest, Hacker-Pschorr Original Oktoberfest and Hofbrau Oktoberfest.

Known as Märzen, this style of beer is traditionally brewed in the Bavarian region during the month of March (März), especially for the Oktoberfest festivities. Derived from the Vienna Lager style, it has a smooth aroma of toasted malt and a varied range of colors, ranging from orange-amber to a deep reddish copper. With a medium body, it has a malty sweetness at the beginning and a moderately dry finish. Some prominent beers of this style include Paulaner Oktoberfest, Hacker-Pschorr Original Oktoberfest and Hofbrau Oktoberfest.

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The oldest origin of Halloween dates back to the Celts, a people who inhabited areas of Ireland, Scotland and Northern France. They celebrated the festival of Samhain, which marked the end of summer and the beginning of winter. Samhain was a celebration to welcome the spirits of the dead back to Earth. The Celts believed that on the night of October 31, the spirits of the past year

The oldest origin of Halloween dates back to the Celts, a people who inhabited areas of Ireland, Scotland and Northern France. They celebrated the festival of Samhain, which marked the end of summer and the beginning of winter. Samhain was a celebration to welcome the spirits of the dead back to Earth. The Celts believed that on the night of October 31, the spirits of the past year's dead returned to Earth to visit their former homes and loved ones. In addition to the spirits of the dead, other supernatural beings, including evil spirits, were believed to roam the Earth as the barriers between the real and supernatural worlds were weakened. People lit fires and wore scary clothes to scare away malevolent spirits. People also disguised themselves by wearing masks to avoid being recognized by malevolent spirits. Additionally, one way to ward off evil spirits was to carve scary faces into turnips.

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Heat is a form of energy that is transferred from one body to another when there is a difference in temperature between them, resulting in thermal equilibrium. The standard unit of measurement for heat is the Joule (J), although it is common to use calories (cal) for measurement. Heat and temperature are distinct concepts, with the first being energy and the second a measure of the agitation of particles in a body. Throughout history, the concept of heat has been debated by philosophers and scientists, from Aristotle to Lavoisier and Lord Kelvin, who established that heat is a form of energy. Heat can be transferred by conduction, convection and radiation, the latter being a propagation of electromagnetic waves that does not require a physical medium to occur, following the Steffan-Boltzmann Law, where the amount of heat emitted is proportional to the fourth power of the temperature of the body (Q α T^4).

Heat is a form of energy that is transferred from one body to another when there is a difference in temperature between them, resulting in thermal equilibrium. The standard unit of measurement for heat is the Joule (J), although it is common to use calories (cal) for measurement. Heat and temperature are distinct concepts, with the first being energy and the second a measure of the agitation of particles in a body. Throughout history, the concept of heat has been debated by philosophers and scientists, from Aristotle to Lavoisier and Lord Kelvin, who established that heat is a form of energy. Heat can be transferred by conduction, convection and radiation, the latter being a propagation of electromagnetic waves that does not require a physical medium to occur, following the Steffan-Boltzmann Law, where the amount of heat emitted is proportional to the fourth power of the temperature of the body (Q α T^4).

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Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are the eight planets in the Solar System, listed in order of increasing distance from the Sun. Known as primary or main planets, they all have enough mass to assume an approximately spherical shape. The planets orbit the Sun in the same direction, in a translational movement. This movement, seen from the Earth

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are the eight planets in the Solar System, listed in order of increasing distance from the Sun. Known as primary or main planets, they all have enough mass to assume an approximately spherical shape. The planets orbit the Sun in the same direction, in a translational movement. This movement, seen from the Earth's North Pole, follows a counterclockwise direction, called direct direction. During the translation movement, each planet describes an imaginary line around the Sun, called an orbit. The orbits of the planets are: • Elliptical – that is, they are shaped like ellipses, being practically circular; • Independent – one from the other; • Coplanar – as they are all practically on the same plane.

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National Pau-Brazil Day, celebrated annually on May 3 , pays tribute to the tree that lends its name to the country. Recognized for its historical and economic importance, Pau-Brasil was one of the first natural resources explored by Portuguese colonizers after their arrival in Brazil in 1500, due to its high quality wood, used in the production of dyes for fabrics. Highlighting the need for preservation, awareness and protection of this species, which was almost extinct due to intense exploitation. Pau-Brasil has been protected by law since 1978, and its illegal exploitation is prohibited.

National Pau-Brazil Day, celebrated annually on May 3 , pays tribute to the tree that lends its name to the country. Recognized for its historical and economic importance, Pau-Brasil was one of the first natural resources explored by Portuguese colonizers after their arrival in Brazil in 1500, due to its high quality wood, used in the production of dyes for fabrics. Highlighting the need for preservation, awareness and protection of this species, which was almost extinct due to intense exploitation. Pau-Brasil has been protected by law since 1978, and its illegal exploitation is prohibited.

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The legend of D. Pedro and Inês de Castro is a tragic love story that took place in Portugal. D. Pedro was married to D. Constança, but fell in love with D. Inês de Castro, an ayah. After the death of D. Constança, D. Pedro and D. Inês decided to accept their relationship, which displeased D. Pedro

The legend of D. Pedro and Inês de Castro is a tragic love story that took place in Portugal. D. Pedro was married to D. Constança, but fell in love with D. Inês de Castro, an ayah. After the death of D. Constança, D. Pedro and D. Inês decided to accept their relationship, which displeased D. Pedro's father. However, they had children together. Court intrigues led to the death of D. Inês, with tears shed in the Mondego River, where the Fonte das Lágrimas is believed to have appeared in Quinta das Lágrimas. Some reddish algae in the river are associated with her blood. D. Pedro, upon discovering D. Inês' murderers, ordered them to rip out their hearts as revenge.

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Ismael Silva was an important Brazilian samba player, born in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, on September 14, 1905, and died on March 14, 1978. He played a fundamental role in the development of Rio de Janeiro samba and is considered one of the pioneers of the genre . Ismael Silva was one of the founders of the famous samba school Estação Primeira de Mangueira, in 1928, and is credited with having composed, in partnership with other musicians, the first song considered samba, entitled "Pelo Telephone". This composition, from 1916, is often recognized as the starting point for samba as a musical genre. In addition to his contribution to music, Ismael Silva was also known for his skill as an instrumentalist and composer. He actively participated in the Rio music scene in the 1920s and 1930s, being one of the main representatives of roots samba.

Ismael Silva was an important Brazilian samba player, born in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, on September 14, 1905, and died on March 14, 1978. He played a fundamental role in the development of Rio de Janeiro samba and is considered one of the pioneers of the genre . Ismael Silva was one of the founders of the famous samba school Estação Primeira de Mangueira, in 1928, and is credited with having composed, in partnership with other musicians, the first song considered samba, entitled "Pelo Telephone". This composition, from 1916, is often recognized as the starting point for samba as a musical genre. In addition to his contribution to music, Ismael Silva was also known for his skill as an instrumentalist and composer. He actively participated in the Rio music scene in the 1920s and 1930s, being one of the main representatives of roots samba.

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Athletics is one of the oldest organized competitions, dating back to the Olympic Games started by the Greeks in 776 BC. After a period of interruption, it was reintroduced to England in the 19th century and gradually became popular. According to Homer, in 1496 BC, the first athletic running event was held, organized by Hercules on the island of Crete. Competitions include a variety of events, from running and jumping to throwing. In 1896, the Olympic Games were reintroduced in Athens, a modified version of the ancient games held in Olympia and later, the games were held in several countries. Modern athletics has been governed by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) since 1912. Athletics dates back to the Ancient Games of Greece and since then has been an ongoing attempt to overcome essential movements such as walking, running, jumping and throwing.

Athletics is one of the oldest organized competitions, dating back to the Olympic Games started by the Greeks in 776 BC. After a period of interruption, it was reintroduced to England in the 19th century and gradually became popular. According to Homer, in 1496 BC, the first athletic running event was held, organized by Hercules on the island of Crete. Competitions include a variety of events, from running and jumping to throwing. In 1896, the Olympic Games were reintroduced in Athens, a modified version of the ancient games held in Olympia and later, the games were held in several countries. Modern athletics has been governed by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) since 1912. Athletics dates back to the Ancient Games of Greece and since then has been an ongoing attempt to overcome essential movements such as walking, running, jumping and throwing.

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Roasted sardines are a traditional dish in Portugal, especially during the festivals of popular saints. Originally from Sardinia, these sardines were essential for feeding rural families. Normally, they are seasoned with coarse salt, placing them on a double grill over the coals, without flame, roasting over low heat, normally accompanied by roasted peppers and boiled potatoes. They should be enjoyed by placing them on top of a thick slice of bread, allowing the bread to absorb the flavor and natural fat of the sardines.

Roasted sardines are a traditional dish in Portugal, especially during the festivals of popular saints. Originally from Sardinia, these sardines were essential for feeding rural families. Normally, they are seasoned with coarse salt, placing them on a double grill over the coals, without flame, roasting over low heat, normally accompanied by roasted peppers and boiled potatoes. They should be enjoyed by placing them on top of a thick slice of bread, allowing the bread to absorb the flavor and natural fat of the sardines.

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World Nature Conservation Day is celebrated on July 28th . This date was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1972, during the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, also known as the Stockholm Conference. The objective of World Nature Conservation Day is to raise awareness about the importance of preserving and protecting biodiversity and our planet

World Nature Conservation Day is celebrated on July 28th . This date was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1972, during the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, also known as the Stockholm Conference. The objective of World Nature Conservation Day is to raise awareness about the importance of preserving and protecting biodiversity and our planet's natural ecosystems. It is an opportunity to highlight the environmental challenges faced globally and promote individual and collective actions for nature conservation. On this day, several activities are carried out, such as environmental education campaigns, tree planting, cleaning of natural areas, lectures and events to promote sustainable practices.

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Dictionary Day is celebrated on October 30th , a day dedicated to celebrating the importance of dictionaries in language, education and communication. This date was chosen in honor of the birth of lexicographer Noah Webster in 1758, who is known for compiling the first dictionary of American English. The celebration aims to recognize the fundamental role that these compendiums play in enriching vocabulary, understanding the language and preserving culture. Dictionaries not only define words, but also provide information on pronunciation, etymology and correct use of language. On this day, schools, libraries and educational institutions usually promote activities, lectures and debates on the importance of language and reading.
pexels: K. Kaboompi

Dictionary Day is celebrated on October 30th , a day dedicated to celebrating the importance of dictionaries in language, education and communication. This date was chosen in honor of the birth of lexicographer Noah Webster in 1758, who is known for compiling the first dictionary of American English. The celebration aims to recognize the fundamental role that these compendiums play in enriching vocabulary, understanding the language and preserving culture. Dictionaries not only define words, but also provide information on pronunciation, etymology and correct use of language. On this day, schools, libraries and educational institutions usually promote activities, lectures and debates on the importance of language and reading.

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The colors red, green and gold associated with Christmas have symbolic meanings. Red is linked to the blood of Christ and the clothing of Saint Nicholas. Green symbolizes the renewal of life and is associated with decorating Christmas trees. Gold represents the star that guided the Three Wise Men to Jesus and is used to add shine and richness to Christmas decorations. These colors play an important role in creating the festive atmosphere of Christmas.

The colors red, green and gold associated with Christmas have symbolic meanings. Red is linked to the blood of Christ and the clothing of Saint Nicholas. Green symbolizes the renewal of life and is associated with decorating Christmas trees. Gold represents the star that guided the Three Wise Men to Jesus and is used to add shine and richness to Christmas decorations. These colors play an important role in creating the festive atmosphere of Christmas.

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The art of pyrotechnics, dating back millennia, had its origins in ancient China, where natives threw pieces of green bamboo into bonfires during festivities to scare away evil spirits with loud sounds. Later, Chinese alchemists created gunpowder by mixing saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal, initially looking for an elixir of eternal life, but ended up using it in fireworks. This practice spread across Europe and the United States, becoming an integral part of celebrations. Originally orange, the fireworks acquired vibrant colors after the addition of metals by Italian inventors in 1830. The colors of the fireworks are determined by the compounds used, such as barium chloride for green, magnesium for silver, lithium for red and sodium for yellow.

The art of pyrotechnics, dating back millennia, had its origins in ancient China, where natives threw pieces of green bamboo into bonfires during festivities to scare away evil spirits with loud sounds. Later, Chinese alchemists created gunpowder by mixing saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal, initially looking for an elixir of eternal life, but ended up using it in fireworks. This practice spread across Europe and the United States, becoming an integral part of celebrations. Originally orange, the fireworks acquired vibrant colors after the addition of metals by Italian inventors in 1830. The colors of the fireworks are determined by the compounds used, such as barium chloride for green, magnesium for silver, lithium for red and sodium for yellow.

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Italian Gastronomy has ancient roots, influenced by the Romans and enriched in the Middle Ages with Arabic elements. In the Renaissance, it achieved the status of art, especially among the nobles. The discovery of the New World introduced crucial ingredients, like tomatoes, to iconic dishes. Before the unification of Italy, each region had its own unique cuisine. Pellegrino Artusi unified regional recipes into "La Scienza in Cucina e L

Italian Gastronomy has ancient roots, influenced by the Romans and enriched in the Middle Ages with Arabic elements. In the Renaissance, it achieved the status of art, especially among the nobles. The discovery of the New World introduced crucial ingredients, like tomatoes, to iconic dishes. Before the unification of Italy, each region had its own unique cuisine. Pellegrino Artusi unified regional recipes into "La Scienza in Cucina e L'arte di Mangiar Bene" after unification. In the 20th century, Italian cuisine became international, with pasta and pizza becoming globally popular. The emphasis on fresh, quality ingredients is distinctive in Italian cuisine.

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Geography is a discipline whose focus is to understand and locate the phenomena that surround human beings. It seeks to identify and evaluate the implications of human actions on the environment, while seeking solutions to promote a more harmonious coexistence between humanity and Nature. The geographer has several sources of information, such as maps, statistics, texts, photographs, films, documentaries, interviews and questionnaires. In addition, you can choose to conduct investigations in loco, as is common in field trips. Geographical investigation begins with direct observation, involving on-site analysis, and indirect observation, when the geographer examines documental sources of information.

Geography is a discipline whose focus is to understand and locate the phenomena that surround human beings. It seeks to identify and evaluate the implications of human actions on the environment, while seeking solutions to promote a more harmonious coexistence between humanity and Nature.
The geographer has several sources of information, such as maps, statistics, texts, photographs, films, documentaries, interviews and questionnaires. In addition, you can choose to conduct investigations in loco, as is common in field trips. Geographical investigation begins with direct observation, involving on-site analysis, and indirect observation, when the geographer examines documental sources of information.

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Christmas in Italy is a celebration that highlights religious and cultural traditions. The nativity scene is a fundamental tradition, and families often set up detailed representations of the scene of Jesus

Christmas in Italy is a celebration that highlights religious and cultural traditions. The nativity scene is a fundamental tradition, and families often set up detailed representations of the scene of Jesus' birth. Midnight Mass is an important part of the festivities. Christmas dinner is a festive meal with traditional Italian dishes. The Italian Santa Claus, called "Babbo Natale," plays a role in delivering gifts. Saint Stephen's Day is celebrated on December 26th. Epiphany, on January 6, features the figure of "La Befana." Christmas markets, festive decorations and delicacies such as panettone and pandoro are an integral part of the celebrations. Italian Christmas is a warm, family-friendly celebration.

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In this Cascais legend, there was a castle inhabited by a malevolent sorcerer (or giant). The sorcerer chose the most beautiful maiden in the region to marry, but when he saw her in person and was rejected, he locked her in a tower near the sea. He hired a knight to guard it. Years passed, and the knight and the maiden fell in love, deciding to run away together. The sorcerer, furious, summoned a storm that opened rocks on the coast, swallowing the lovers into the sea. The resulting hole became known as the "Boca do Inferno" due to the tragedy. On stormy days, they say the place seems to mourn the lovers

In this Cascais legend, there was a castle inhabited by a malevolent sorcerer (or giant). The sorcerer chose the most beautiful maiden in the region to marry, but when he saw her in person and was rejected, he locked her in a tower near the sea. He hired a knight to guard it. Years passed, and the knight and the maiden fell in love, deciding to run away together. The sorcerer, furious, summoned a storm that opened rocks on the coast, swallowing the lovers into the sea. The resulting hole became known as the "Boca do Inferno" due to the tragedy. On stormy days, they say the place seems to mourn the lovers' unhappy story.

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Maces are one of the devices used in rhythmic gymnastics. They are usually made of wood or plastic and are between 40 and 50 cm long, weighing at least 150 g each. Maces consist of three parts: the body, the neck and the head. During the routine, the gymnast manipulates the clubs to perform a variety of movements, such as rolls, circles, curves and asymmetrical shapes. The delicacy of the hands is essential to work well with this device, and the gymnast must combine club movements with body movements to create a fluid and harmonious presentation. Mace exercises require rhythm, coordination and precision to ensure high-quality performance.

Maces are one of the devices used in rhythmic gymnastics. They are usually made of wood or plastic and are between 40 and 50 cm long, weighing at least 150 g each. Maces consist of three parts: the body, the neck and the head. During the routine, the gymnast manipulates the clubs to perform a variety of movements, such as rolls, circles, curves and asymmetrical shapes. The delicacy of the hands is essential to work well with this device, and the gymnast must combine club movements with body movements to create a fluid and harmonious presentation. Mace exercises require rhythm, coordination and precision to ensure high-quality performance.

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The preliminary stages of the 2024 Copa Libertadores da América were held between February 6 and March 14, 2024. A total of 19 teams competed in the qualifying stages to determine four of the 32 group stage spots. Below is the aggregate score of the last qualifying phase: RB Bragantino 2 x 3 Botafogo (*Botafogo classified) Nacional (PAR) 4 x 4 Palestino (*Palestino classified on penalties ) Always Ready 2 x 2 Nacional (URU) (*National classified on penalties) Colo-Colo 3 x 2 Sportivo Trinidense (*Colo-Colo classified)

The preliminary stages of the 2024 Copa Libertadores da América were held between February 6 and March 14, 2024. A total of 19 teams competed in the qualifying stages to determine four of the 32 group stage spots.
Below is the aggregate score of the last qualifying phase:

RB Bragantino 2 x 3 Botafogo (*Botafogo classified)

Nacional (PAR) 4 x 4 Palestino (*Palestino classified on penalties )

Always Ready 2 x 2 Nacional (URU) (*National classified on penalties)

Colo-Colo 3 x 2 Sportivo Trinidense (*Colo-Colo classified)

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Michael Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, record producer and philanthropist. He was born on August 29, 1958, in Gary, Indiana and died on June 25, 2009, in Los Angeles, California. Known as the "King of Pop", Jackson is considered one of the most influential and iconic artists in music history. Jackson began his musical career as a member of The Jackson 5, formed by him and his brothers. The group achieved success in the 1970s with hits such as "ABC", "I Want You Back" and "I

Michael Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, record producer and philanthropist. He was born on August 29, 1958, in Gary, Indiana and died on June 25, 2009, in Los Angeles, California. Known as the "King of Pop", Jackson is considered one of the most influential and iconic artists in music history. Jackson began his musical career as a member of The Jackson 5, formed by him and his brothers. The group achieved success in the 1970s with hits such as "ABC", "I Want You Back" and "I'll Be There". His debut solo album, "Off the Wall" (1979), showcased a new, more mature sound and featured hits such as "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough" and "Rock with You". His untimely death in 2009 left a lasting legacy and a void in the music industry.

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International Museum Day is celebrated on May 18 and was established by the International Council of Museums to raise awareness of the role of museums in society. On this day, museums around the world offer special events, exhibitions and activities to engage the public and highlight the cultural and educational importance of museums. It is an opportunity for people to explore cultural diversity, learn about history, art and science, and appreciate global cultural heritage.

International Museum Day is celebrated on May 18 and was established by the International Council of Museums to raise awareness of the role of museums in society. On this day, museums around the world offer special events, exhibitions and activities to engage the public and highlight the cultural and educational importance of museums. It is an opportunity for people to explore cultural diversity, learn about history, art and science, and appreciate global cultural heritage.

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The first legend of the Lady with the Crow

The first legend of the Lady with the Crow's Feet originates from Beira Alta, in the village of Marialva. She lived in a small castle and attracted many suitors due to her beauty. However, she challenged suitors to bring shoes that fit their feet as a condition of marrying her. A knight, with the help of a handmaid, created shoes molded to the shape of her feet, using flour on the ground to obtain the mold. When he handed over the shoes, she, horrified to learn that her secret was known, threw herself from the castle tower and mysteriously disappeared. This gave rise to the name of the village of Marialva.

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Lambic family beers, originating from Belgium, undergo spontaneous fermentation with wild yeasts and other microorganisms, resulting in a characteristically bitter flavor and high acidity. They ripen in wood and have a clear, clear color. There are several categories within this family, including Gueuze (mixture of young and old Lambic), Faro (less acidic, with added brown sugar and cane molasses), Fruit Lambic (with added fruits such as raspberry, cherry and apple) and Straight Lambics (pure, strong, dry and acidic, served immediately after maturation).

Lambic family beers, originating from Belgium, undergo spontaneous fermentation with wild yeasts and other microorganisms, resulting in a characteristically bitter flavor and high acidity. They ripen in wood and have a clear, clear color. There are several categories within this family, including Gueuze (mixture of young and old Lambic), Faro (less acidic, with added brown sugar and cane molasses), Fruit Lambic (with added fruits such as raspberry, cherry and apple) and Straight Lambics (pure, strong, dry and acidic, served immediately after maturation).

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Ale family beers use top-fermenting yeast, which settles at the top and ferments at higher temperatures between 15°C and 24°C. They are fuller-bodied and have a wide variety of flavors. Subtypes include Pale Ale (lighter with colors ranging from pale gold to dark copper and feature a wide range of flavors), wheat beers (refreshing, have low bitterness and flavors such as chocolate, banana, clove, tutti-frutti and spice.) , Porter (dark, smooth and with a coffee and caramel flavor) and Stout (similar to Porter, but with a higher alcohol content and notes of chocolate and coffee).

Ale family beers use top-fermenting yeast, which settles at the top and ferments at higher temperatures between 15°C and 24°C. They are fuller-bodied and have a wide variety of flavors. Subtypes include Pale Ale (lighter with colors ranging from pale gold to dark copper and feature a wide range of flavors), wheat beers (refreshing, have low bitterness and flavors such as chocolate, banana, clove, tutti-frutti and spice.) , Porter (dark, smooth and with a coffee and caramel flavor) and Stout (similar to Porter, but with a higher alcohol content and notes of chocolate and coffee).

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Samba was born in Bahia in the 19th century, influenced by African culture and slave festivals. In 1910, it gained prominence in Rio de Janeiro, mixing with other rhythms. Despite the first registration in 1917, samba grew in the 1930s with samba schools and radio. Singers such as Noel Rosa, Cartola and others marked its history. Over time, styles such as party alto, samba-enredo and Samba-Rock emerged, the latter becoming a popular ballroom dance.

Samba was born in Bahia in the 19th century, influenced by African culture and slave festivals. In 1910, it gained prominence in Rio de Janeiro, mixing with other rhythms. Despite the first registration in 1917, samba grew in the 1930s with samba schools and radio. Singers such as Noel Rosa, Cartola and others marked its history. Over time, styles such as party alto, samba-enredo and Samba-Rock emerged, the latter becoming a popular ballroom dance.

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May 13th marks the abolition of slavery in Brazil , in 1888, through the signing of the Lei Áurea by Princess Isabel. More than 700,000 slaves were freed, the result of decades of struggle by the abolitionist movement, civil society and the slaves themselves. However, abolition was not followed by effective measures to integrate black people into society, and racism persisted. The abolition process was gradual and faced resistance from slave-owning political elites, being marked by a series of abolitionist laws. Despite the difficulties, the abolition of slavery was a milestone in Brazilian history, highlighting the fight for equality and social justice.

May 13th marks the abolition of slavery in Brazil , in 1888, through the signing of the Lei Áurea by Princess Isabel. More than 700,000 slaves were freed, the result of decades of struggle by the abolitionist movement, civil society and the slaves themselves. However, abolition was not followed by effective measures to integrate black people into society, and racism persisted. The abolition process was gradual and faced resistance from slave-owning political elites, being marked by a series of abolitionist laws. Despite the difficulties, the abolition of slavery was a milestone in Brazilian history, highlighting the fight for equality and social justice.

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It is an open-world action-adventure game developed by Ubisoft, scheduled for release in 2024, for PC, PS5 and Xbox Series X/S. Set between The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, it explores the criminal underworld of the Star Wars universe. The player takes on the role of Kay Vess, an outlaw who navigates different planets and space systems on missions full of choices that shape the narrative. The game combines exploration, combat, stealth and decisions that influence the plot. Kay is accompanied by Nix, a useful companion in combat and puzzles. With impressive graphics created using the Snowdrop engine, the title promises an innovative experience in the Star Wars universe, focused on the galactic underworld.

It is an open-world action-adventure game developed by Ubisoft, scheduled for release in 2024, for PC, PS5 and Xbox Series X/S. Set between The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, it explores the criminal underworld of the Star Wars universe. The player takes on the role of Kay Vess, an outlaw who navigates different planets and space systems on missions full of choices that shape the narrative. The game combines exploration, combat, stealth and decisions that influence the plot. Kay is accompanied by Nix, a useful companion in combat and puzzles. With impressive graphics created using the Snowdrop engine, the title promises an innovative experience in the Star Wars universe, focused on the galactic underworld.

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Crawl swimming, or freestyle, is a fast and efficient technique in which swimmers keep their bodies aligned, performing alternating arm movements and kicking their legs. It is widely used in swimming competitions, especially over longer distances, due to its speed. Developed over time with contributions from different swimmers, the front crawl is a fundamental skill taught in swimming classes for beginners and is used both in competitions and for recreation and fitness.

Crawl swimming, or freestyle, is a fast and efficient technique in which swimmers keep their bodies aligned, performing alternating arm movements and kicking their legs. It is widely used in swimming competitions, especially over longer distances, due to its speed. Developed over time with contributions from different swimmers, the front crawl is a fundamental skill taught in swimming classes for beginners and is used both in competitions and for recreation and fitness.

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Bock is a style of lager beer known for being sweet, relatively strong, lightly hoppy and with colors ranging from light copper to brown. It has a malty aroma, smooth flavor, low carbonation and a balanced bitterness. The name "Bock" originates from Einbeck, Germany, an important beer producing and exporting center during the Hanseatic League in the 14th to 17th centuries and means "goat" in German. There are variations, such as Maibock, doppelbock and eisbock. It was created in Einbeck and later recreated in Munich in the 17th century.

Bock is a style of lager beer known for being sweet, relatively strong, lightly hoppy and with colors ranging from light copper to brown. It has a malty aroma, smooth flavor, low carbonation and a balanced bitterness. The name "Bock" originates from Einbeck, Germany, an important beer producing and exporting center during the Hanseatic League in the 14th to 17th centuries and means "goat" in German. There are variations, such as Maibock, doppelbock and eisbock. It was created in Einbeck and later recreated in Munich in the 17th century.

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In the 60s, the decade was marked by the rise of bossa nova and the rediscovery and revaluation of samba. Bossa nova, influenced by João Gilberto

In the 60s, the decade was marked by the rise of bossa nova and the rediscovery and revaluation of samba. Bossa nova, influenced by João Gilberto's distinctive guitar beat, which accompanies his small but technically perfect voice, provokes the most radical transformation in the genre in its first 40 years of existence. This new style, more than a movement, attracts university youth from the South Zone of Rio. With its rhythm more accessible to foreign audiences compared to traditional samba, bossa nova transcends borders, leading several of its songs, notably Garota de Ipanema, to become worldwide hits. At the same time, traditional samba resurfaces at events that have no direct connection with bossa nova. The first highlight is Zicartola, a house that, for three years, lit up a townhouse on Rua da Carioca with samba.

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As described by Grove Music Online, the term "pop music" emerged in the United Kingdom in the 1950s to describe rock and roll and other youth styles influenced by it. According to the Oxford Dictionary of Music, although it originally referred to mass-audience concerts, from the late 1950s onwards, pop began to denote non-classical music, especially songs performed by artists such as The Beatles, Rolling Stones and ABBA. From 1967 onwards, the term began to contrast with rock, delineating two distinct categories. Michael Jackson, known as the "King of Pop", stood out with the emergence of MTV in the 80s, due to his visual appeal.

As described by Grove Music Online, the term "pop music" emerged in the United Kingdom in the 1950s to describe rock and roll and other youth styles influenced by it. According to the Oxford Dictionary of Music, although it originally referred to mass-audience concerts, from the late 1950s onwards, pop began to denote non-classical music, especially songs performed by artists such as The Beatles, Rolling Stones and ABBA. From 1967 onwards, the term began to contrast with rock, delineating two distinct categories. Michael Jackson, known as the "King of Pop", stood out with the emergence of MTV in the 80s, due to his visual appeal.

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In 1830, Pilsen was known for its high-quality beer, but unhappy with a low-quality batch in 1838, the town decided to revolutionize beer production. They built the Bürgerbrauerei, a new modern brewery designed by Martin Stelzer, near the Radbuza River, which had soft water essential for pilsner beer. They hired Bavarian brewmaster Josef Groll and brought advanced technology from Bavaria. In 1842, Josef Groll produced the world

In 1830, Pilsen was known for its high-quality beer, but unhappy with a low-quality batch in 1838, the town decided to revolutionize beer production. They built the Bürgerbrauerei, a new modern brewery designed by Martin Stelzer, near the Radbuza River, which had soft water essential for pilsner beer. They hired Bavarian brewmaster Josef Groll and brought advanced technology from Bavaria. In 1842, Josef Groll produced the world's first pilsner beer, a light, refreshing beer that surprised and delighted the people of Pilsen. This is how Pilsner Urquell was born. Pilsen or Pilsener is a type of lager beer, originating in the city of Pilsen (now Plzeň), in Bohemia (now the Czech Republic).

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In the 70s, we witnessed the rise of samba schools, transforming a popular festival into a true "street opera" - a reality that even the most traditionalist samba artists can no longer ignore. The initial resistance of figures such as Candeia, Nei Lopes and Wilson Moreira, who founded the Quilombo group in a fight to preserve traditions, eventually gave way. With this, the samba-enredo adapts to the new times. In this scenario, veterans like Nelson Cavaquinho and Cartola finally arrive on the music scene, while the post-bossa nova generation - represented by Chico Buarque, Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil - survives the festivals to create definitive works, including sambas.

In the 70s, we witnessed the rise of samba schools, transforming a popular festival into a true "street opera" - a reality that even the most traditionalist samba artists can no longer ignore. The initial resistance of figures such as Candeia, Nei Lopes and Wilson Moreira, who founded the Quilombo group in a fight to preserve traditions, eventually gave way. With this, the samba-enredo adapts to the new times. In this scenario, veterans like Nelson Cavaquinho and Cartola finally arrive on the music scene, while the post-bossa nova generation - represented by Chico Buarque, Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil - survives the festivals to create definitive works, including sambas.

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James Brown introduced funk in the 1960s with rhythmic changes and distinctive emphasis. He changed the emphasis from traditional soul to a 1:3 beat, becoming characteristic of funk. Although "Papa

James Brown introduced funk in the 1960s with rhythmic changes and distinctive emphasis. He changed the emphasis from traditional soul to a 1:3 beat, becoming characteristic of funk. Although "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" is considered the starting point, influences were already present in previous songs such as "Out of Sight" and "Cold Sweat". Drummer Chuck Connors' contribution was significant, and Brown's funk style, with syncopated bass lines and guitar riffs, influenced artists such as Sly and Family Stone and The Isley Brothers. Alfred "Pee Wee" Ellis' leadership and Clyde Stubblefield's influence on drumming techniques were essential to modern funk. Groups such as Dyke and the Blazers, Jimmy McGriff and Charles Wright and Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band followed this evolution, consolidating funk as a distinctive musical genre.

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Easter Island, also known as Rapa Nui, is located in the south Pacific Ocean, 3,700 km off the west coast of Chile. Famous for its stone statues, the moais, it is part of the Valparaíso Region and its official languages are Spanish and Rapanui. Colonized by Polynesians, its occupation dates back to around 900 AD. The island was discovered by Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen in 1722. During European colonization in 1888, it was annexed by Chile, becoming a sheep farm. The natives were enslaved, but only in 1966 were they recognized as Chilean citizens. Easter Island, triangular in shape and volcanic, has challenging topography and a climate that limits sources of food and drinking water. Currently, tourism drives the island

Easter Island, also known as Rapa Nui, is located in the south Pacific Ocean, 3,700 km off the west coast of Chile. Famous for its stone statues, the moais, it is part of the Valparaíso Region and its official languages are Spanish and Rapanui. Colonized by Polynesians, its occupation dates back to around 900 AD. The island was discovered by Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen in 1722. During European colonization in 1888, it was annexed by Chile, becoming a sheep farm. The natives were enslaved, but only in 1966 were they recognized as Chilean citizens. Easter Island, triangular in shape and volcanic, has challenging topography and a climate that limits sources of food and drinking water. Currently, tourism drives the island's economy.

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Different sizes and shapes are found among galaxies: among them, spiral, elliptical and irregular. Spiral galaxies stand out for their luminous central core, from which several arms emanate. Irregular galaxies, on the other hand, do not adopt defined shapes and are composed of young stars rich in gases and dust particles. As for quasars, they represent intensely luminous cores of galaxies located at great distances. These structures were identified in the 1960s. Initially observed with optical telescopes, these objects resembled stars, giving rise to the name "quasars". On the other hand, clusters of galaxies, in turn, unite to constitute sets of even larger proportions, known as superclusters or superclusters of galaxies.

Different sizes and shapes are found among galaxies: among them, spiral, elliptical and irregular. Spiral galaxies stand out for their luminous central core, from which several arms emanate. Irregular galaxies, on the other hand, do not adopt defined shapes and are composed of young stars rich in gases and dust particles. As for quasars, they represent intensely luminous cores of galaxies located at great distances. These structures were identified in the 1960s. Initially observed with optical telescopes, these objects resembled stars, giving rise to the name "quasars".
On the other hand, clusters of galaxies, in turn, unite to constitute sets of even larger proportions, known as superclusters or superclusters of galaxies.

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In the 1990s, grunge, led by Seattle bands like Nirvana, Pearl Jam and Alice in Chains, predominated, marginalizing heavy metal and hard rock. British Britpop brought success to bands like Oasis and Blur. Red Hot Chili Peppers, originating in the 80s, continued to be an influential rock band in the 90s. Other styles, such as funk metal with Faith No More and new metal with Korn and Slipknot, also stood out. Funk pop was represented by The Offspring and Green Day, while Marylin Manson found success.

In the 1990s, grunge, led by Seattle bands like Nirvana, Pearl Jam and Alice in Chains, predominated, marginalizing heavy metal and hard rock. British Britpop brought success to bands like Oasis and Blur. Red Hot Chili Peppers, originating in the 80s, continued to be an influential rock band in the 90s. Other styles, such as funk metal with Faith No More and new metal with Korn and Slipknot, also stood out. Funk pop was represented by The Offspring and Green Day, while Marylin Manson found success.

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Some important events in Earth
pixabay: openclipart

Some important events in Earth's history that created the conditions for the emergence of life over thousands of years include: the formation of the planet with impacts from other bodies in the Solar System; the creation of a solid crust, with continents and oceans; the development of an atmosphere with a greenhouse effect; the movement of tectonic plates and volcanic activity; atmospheric electrical phenomena; the formation of simple organic molecules and macromolecules; the emergence of the first primitive cells; the beginning of photosynthesis and the production of oxygen; the creation of the ozone layer and superglaciations that gave rise to new environments.

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Egyptian civilization flourished in the northeast of the African continent along the banks of the Nile River, between the Arabian and Libyan deserts, from 3500 BC, lasting about 3000 years. Its development was driven by the fertility of the soil, enriched by the annual floods of the Nile. The Egyptians mastered engineering, building dikes and canals for irrigation during the dry season, as well as using the river as the main transportation and communication route for trade. Agriculture was the basis of the economy, cultivating wheat, barley, flax and other crops, while ranching, fishing and hunting. Crafts also prospered, including pottery, goldsmithing and metalworking. Agricultural surpluses boosted trade, with Egypt exporting wheat, pottery, and linen cloth, and importing raw materials such as wood, copper, and precious metals.

Egyptian civilization flourished in the northeast of the African continent along the banks of the Nile River, between the Arabian and Libyan deserts, from 3500 BC, lasting about 3000 years. Its development was driven by the fertility of the soil, enriched by the annual floods of the Nile. The Egyptians mastered engineering, building dikes and canals for irrigation during the dry season, as well as using the river as the main transportation and communication route for trade. Agriculture was the basis of the economy, cultivating wheat, barley, flax and other crops, while ranching, fishing and hunting. Crafts also prospered, including pottery, goldsmithing and metalworking. Agricultural surpluses boosted trade, with Egypt exporting wheat, pottery, and linen cloth, and importing raw materials such as wood, copper, and precious metals.

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The tradition of giving gifts at Christmas has diverse origins, including the offering of the Three Wise Men to Jesus, influences from pagan winter festivals, the generosity of Saint Nicholas (Santa Claus), the Protestant Reformation and the growth of consumer culture in the 19th century. XIX. Today, exchanging gifts at Christmas symbolizes generosity, love and gratitude, and is a fundamental part of Christmas celebrations in many cultures around the world.

The tradition of giving gifts at Christmas has diverse origins, including the offering of the Three Wise Men to Jesus, influences from pagan winter festivals, the generosity of Saint Nicholas (Santa Claus), the Protestant Reformation and the growth of consumer culture in the 19th century. XIX. Today, exchanging gifts at Christmas symbolizes generosity, love and gratitude, and is a fundamental part of Christmas celebrations in many cultures around the world.

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Portuguese Language Day, celebrated on May 5 , is a tribute to the Portuguese language, highlighting its cultural and historical importance. It highlights not only the language itself, but also literature, music, dance and other forms of cultural expression that are expressed through Portuguese. The date promotes cultural and educational events to value the language and strengthen ties between Portuguese-speaking countries. It is an opportunity to celebrate the linguistic and cultural diversity of the people who share Portuguese.

Portuguese Language Day, celebrated on May 5 , is a tribute to the Portuguese language, highlighting its cultural and historical importance. It highlights not only the language itself, but also literature, music, dance and other forms of cultural expression that are expressed through Portuguese. The date promotes cultural and educational events to value the language and strengthen ties between Portuguese-speaking countries. It is an opportunity to celebrate the linguistic and cultural diversity of the people who share Portuguese.

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The first edition of the Copa Libertadores, then called the Champions Cup, took place in 1960, with the participation of seven teams that were champions of their countries in 1959. Peñarol from Uruguay won the first game against Jorge Wilstermann from Bolivia 7-1, with the first goal in the history of the competition scored by Carlos Borges. Peñarol ended up winning the title by defeating Olimpia of Paraguay in the final. The American Champions Cup did not attract much international attention until its third edition, when Santos, led by Pelé and considered by some to be one of the best teams of all time, has gained global recognition.

The first edition of the Copa Libertadores, then called the Champions Cup, took place in 1960, with the participation of seven teams that were champions of their countries in 1959. Peñarol from Uruguay won the first game against Jorge Wilstermann from Bolivia 7-1, with the first goal in the history of the competition scored by Carlos Borges. Peñarol ended up winning the title by defeating Olimpia of Paraguay in the final.
The American Champions Cup did not attract much international attention until its third edition, when Santos, led by Pelé and considered by some to be one of the best teams of all time, has gained global recognition.

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Valmiki Jayanti is a Hindu celebration dedicated to Valmiki, the author of the epic Ramayana and considered the first poet in Sanskrit literature. Celebrated on the Purnima (full moon) day of the month of Kartik, usually between October and November, the day honors his literary and spiritual contributions. Festivities include recitations of the Ramayana, prayers and worship in temples, as well as kirtans and lectures on Valmiki

Valmiki Jayanti is a Hindu celebration dedicated to Valmiki, the author of the epic Ramayana and considered the first poet in Sanskrit literature. Celebrated on the Purnima (full moon) day of the month of Kartik, usually between October and November, the day honors his literary and spiritual contributions. Festivities include recitations of the Ramayana, prayers and worship in temples, as well as kirtans and lectures on Valmiki's teachings. The day also serves as an opportunity to reflect on the epic's values, such as virtue and duty, promoting the importance of literature and culture in the Hindu tradition.

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The discovery of penicillin: a revolution in medicine. In 1929, by a stroke of luck, Alexander Fleming found the first antibiotic, penicillin. During World War II, its potential was extensively tested, saving countless lives. Noel Rosa and many other artists could have been saved from tuberculosis if this discovery had occurred earlier.
The curious thing is that Fleming, a researcher dedicated to bacteria, left a culture plate forgotten during the summer. By chance, some bread crumbs fell on it, creating fungus. When his colleague Merlin Pryce noticed something strange in the plates about to be discarded, Fleming realized that the fungi had eliminated the bacteria, giving rise to penicillin, a milestone in the history of medicine.

The discovery of penicillin: a revolution in medicine. In 1929, by a stroke of luck, Alexander Fleming found the first antibiotic, penicillin. During World War II, its potential was extensively tested, saving countless lives. Noel Rosa and many other artists could have been saved from tuberculosis if this discovery had occurred earlier.
The curious thing is that Fleming, a researcher dedicated to bacteria, left a culture plate forgotten during the summer. By chance, some bread crumbs fell on it, creating fungus. When his colleague Merlin Pryce noticed something strange in the plates about to be discarded, Fleming realized that the fungi had eliminated the bacteria, giving rise to penicillin, a milestone in the history of medicine.

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Human beings have always sought to understand the space around them, representing it on globes and maps, fundamental tools for Geography. These representations help in locating, identifying relationships between phenomena and detecting patterns. Different types of maps allow portraying various natural and human phenomena with different levels of detail and perspective. Among them are the plan, the itinerary map, the topographic map and the planisphere.

Human beings have always sought to understand the space around them, representing it on globes and maps, fundamental tools for Geography. These representations help in locating, identifying relationships between phenomena and detecting patterns. Different types of maps allow portraying various natural and human phenomena with different levels of detail and perspective. Among them are the plan, the itinerary map, the topographic map and the planisphere.

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Cartography deals with the challenge of representing the shape of the Earth on a plane through cartographic projections. However, all projections result in distortions in the contours, distances and proportions of continents and oceans. There is the Cylindrical Projection - which uses a cylinder as a projection surface, and is ideal for building planispheres; Conical projection - uses a cone as a projection surface, and is ideal for mapping mid-latitude regions; and Azimuthal projection - uses a plane as a projection surface, and is ideal for building maps of polar regions.

Cartography deals with the challenge of representing the shape of the Earth on a plane through cartographic projections. However, all projections result in distortions in the contours, distances and proportions of continents and oceans. There is the Cylindrical Projection - which uses a cylinder as a projection surface, and is ideal for building planispheres; Conical projection - uses a cone as a projection surface, and is ideal for mapping mid-latitude regions; and Azimuthal projection - uses a plane as a projection surface, and is ideal for building maps of polar regions.

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Stars that have planets and other non-stellar bodies orbiting around them form structures known as planetary systems. Our planet Earth is part of a planetary system called the solar system. For many centuries, the Solar System was believed to be the only planetary system in the Universe. However, we are currently aware that this assumption is not valid. Today, thousands of planetary systems, composed of planets that surround distant stars, have been identified.

Stars that have planets and other non-stellar bodies orbiting around them form structures known as planetary systems. Our planet Earth is part of a planetary system called the solar system. For many centuries, the Solar System was believed to be the only planetary system in the Universe. However, we are currently aware that this assumption is not valid. Today, thousands of planetary systems, composed of planets that surround distant stars, have been identified.

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National Director

National Director 's Day is a celebration held in Canada and the United States on May 1 each year. This date recognizes and honors the work of school principals and vice-principals, highlighting their importance in educational leadership and student success. It is an opportunity to express gratitude for your commitment and dedication to providing a positive and productive learning environment for students, teachers, and school communities.

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Rock and Roll emerged in the 1950s, resulting from the mixing of black music styles with American folk and country. Big names like Johnny Cash and Little Richard played crucial roles in the development of Rock and Roll, but musicians like Bill Haley, Buddy Holly, Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley and Jackie Brenston were the ones who really shaped the genre

Rock and Roll emerged in the 1950s, resulting from the mixing of black music styles with American folk and country. Big names like Johnny Cash and Little Richard played crucial roles in the development of Rock and Roll, but musicians like Bill Haley, Buddy Holly, Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley and Jackie Brenston were the ones who really shaped the genre's sound and transformed the music and music. artist-product in the recording industry at the time. The starting point can be placed in 1951, in Mississippi, when Jackie Brenston, saxophonist in Ike Turner's band, recorded what is considered the first rock track, "Rocket 88". Later, Bill Haley and his band popularized the "Rockabilly" aspect. Elvis Presley, with his energetic style and bold look, became a global icon with hits like "Heartbreak Hotel."

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The Dutch have a controversial tradition in which Santa Claus arrives on the third Sunday of November in a sleigh filled with gifts and is accompanied by 40 men dressed in medieval costumes, called "Zwarte Pieten" (Peter the Black), who have black skin. and red lips, which sparked debates about negative stereotypes for people with dark skin. Furthermore, Anglo-Saxon countries have Krampus, a mythological figure who accompanies Santa Claus and scares naughty children.

The Dutch have a controversial tradition in which Santa Claus arrives on the third Sunday of November in a sleigh filled with gifts and is accompanied by 40 men dressed in medieval costumes, called "Zwarte Pieten" (Peter the Black), who have black skin. and red lips, which sparked debates about negative stereotypes for people with dark skin. Furthermore, Anglo-Saxon countries have Krampus, a mythological figure who accompanies Santa Claus and scares naughty children.

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The rings are an exclusive device for men

The rings are an exclusive device for men's artistic gymnastics, requiring strength and balance in the upper limbs. Its origin dates back two thousand years, but its current form was introduced by Adolf Spiess in 1802. Gymnasts perform series with static and acrobatic movements, such as the Cross and the Chechi, being evaluated on the precision and difficulty of the elements. Discounts are applied for disconnection of the device, swinging of the rings and lack of correct posture. The movements demonstrate the complexity of the series performed on the rings.

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Earth is the only planet in the Solar System that has the ideal conditions for life as we know it. Some of the factors that make this possible include: the perfect distance from the Sun, the influence of the Moon and the giant planets, the presence of a magnetic field, the dynamism of the geosphere, the abundance of water, the diversity of natural environments and a protective atmosphere. Distance from the Sun: Earth orbits within the habitable zone of the Solar System, at a distance that allows the presence of liquid water on its surface.
pexels: M. Nilov

Earth is the only planet in the Solar System that has the ideal conditions for life as we know it. Some of the factors that make this possible include: the perfect distance from the Sun, the influence of the Moon and the giant planets, the presence of a magnetic field, the dynamism of the geosphere, the abundance of water, the diversity of natural environments and a protective atmosphere.
Distance from the Sun: Earth orbits within the habitable zone of the Solar System, at a distance that allows the presence of liquid water on its surface.

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Since 2010, Brazilian clubs have enjoyed a period of dominance in the Copa Libertadores, with Internacional winning the title in 2010, followed by Santos in 2011, Corinthians in 2012 and Atlético Mineiro in 2013. In 2014, Argentina

Since 2010, Brazilian clubs have enjoyed a period of dominance in the Copa Libertadores, with Internacional winning the title in 2010, followed by Santos in 2011, Corinthians in 2012 and Atlético Mineiro in 2013. In 2014, Argentina's San Lorenzo broke that streak by winning the title. River Plate, another Argentine team, won in 2015, followed by Colombia's Atlético Nacional in 2016. Grêmio brought the title back to Brazil in 2017, and River Plate won it again in 2018. In 2019, Flamengo won the River Plate in the final in a single game, after 38 years without winning the title. This period shows a diversity of champions and growing competition between South American clubs.

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Christmas in Finland involves unique traditions, such as a Finnish Santa Claus called Joulupukki, who personally delivers gifts. Christmas decorations, including decorated trees and candles, are essential. A festive feast includes traditional dishes such as "kalakukko". The Christmas sauna is a tradition, followed by a dip in the snow. Ice igloos and Santa Claus villages are popular attractions. Lighting candles on graves is a way to honor loved ones. Traditional dances and music complement the celebrations, making Finnish Christmas a special and welcoming time.

Christmas in Finland involves unique traditions, such as a Finnish Santa Claus called Joulupukki, who personally delivers gifts. Christmas decorations, including decorated trees and candles, are essential. A festive feast includes traditional dishes such as "kalakukko". The Christmas sauna is a tradition, followed by a dip in the snow. Ice igloos and Santa Claus villages are popular attractions. Lighting candles on graves is a way to honor loved ones. Traditional dances and music complement the celebrations, making Finnish Christmas a special and welcoming time.

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The tradition of serving turkey at Christmas has historical origins in Europe, especially in England, where it became popular during the reign of Queen Victoria. This tradition spread to the United States and other English-speaking countries. The Christmas turkey is roasted and served with typical sides, such as cranberry sauce and potatoes, and is a central part of Christmas celebrations, symbolizing family reunion and the festivity of the season. Other birds, such as goose, duck and chicken, are also served in some regions of the world.

The tradition of serving turkey at Christmas has historical origins in Europe, especially in England, where it became popular during the reign of Queen Victoria. This tradition spread to the United States and other English-speaking countries. The Christmas turkey is roasted and served with typical sides, such as cranberry sauce and potatoes, and is a central part of Christmas celebrations, symbolizing family reunion and the festivity of the season. Other birds, such as goose, duck and chicken, are also served in some regions of the world.

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India Pale Ale (IPA) is a beer style that originated in the United Kingdom but was widely popularized in the United States. It is known for its strong bitterness and hop aromas, which range from citrus to floral. There are several subcategories, including American IPA, Double IPA (Imperial IPA), and Session IPA, each with different levels of bitterness and alcohol content. Malts also contribute caramel and bread flavors, balancing the bitterness. IPAs are widely popular in the craft beer scene and pair well with spicy foods, strong cheeses and grilled meats.

India Pale Ale (IPA) is a beer style that originated in the United Kingdom but was widely popularized in the United States. It is known for its strong bitterness and hop aromas, which range from citrus to floral. There are several subcategories, including American IPA, Double IPA (Imperial IPA), and Session IPA, each with different levels of bitterness and alcohol content. Malts also contribute caramel and bread flavors, balancing the bitterness. IPAs are widely popular in the craft beer scene and pair well with spicy foods, strong cheeses and grilled meats.

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In the 90s, Lapa emerged as one of the most vibrant samba strongholds in Rio de Janeiro in the early days of the 21st century. Its revitalization, transforming the old and semi-abandoned "neighborhood of sin" into an urbanized area, bright and full of bars and restaurants with live music, presents the city with a treasure. Young singers and composers, mostly from the middle class, were already involved in a fascinating research into ancient samba, gradually occupying the spaces between the neighborhood

In the 90s, Lapa emerged as one of the most vibrant samba strongholds in Rio de Janeiro in the early days of the 21st century. Its revitalization, transforming the old and semi-abandoned "neighborhood of sin" into an urbanized area, bright and full of bars and restaurants with live music, presents the city with a treasure. Young singers and composers, mostly from the middle class, were already involved in a fascinating research into ancient samba, gradually occupying the spaces between the neighborhood's tables. Veterans, or almost so, share the stage alongside the younger ones. Furthermore, these young people renew and create new sambas. In this context, names like Teresa Cristina, Moyseis Marques and the Casuarina group emerge as representatives of the new sound of Lapa. At the same time, pagode groups remain active, releasing albums and performing shows.

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Breaststroke, also called breaststroke, is a swimming technique where swimmers perform synchronized movements of their legs and arms. It involves a frog-like leg kick and arm movements that push water backwards. Although challenging in terms of technique, it is popular among beginner swimmers. Used in short distance competitions such as 100 and 200 meter breaststroke, it is also practiced recreationally and as part of aquatic exercise programs due to its fitness benefits.

Breaststroke, also called breaststroke, is a swimming technique where swimmers perform synchronized movements of their legs and arms. It involves a frog-like leg kick and arm movements that push water backwards. Although challenging in terms of technique, it is popular among beginner swimmers. Used in short distance competitions such as 100 and 200 meter breaststroke, it is also practiced recreationally and as part of aquatic exercise programs due to its fitness benefits.

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Livestock is one of the oldest activities of humanity, with the aim of producing food and other raw materials. The main products generated by this practice are meat, milk, eggs, honey, leather, bones and wool. There are two basic types of livestock: intensive and extensive. There are two types: beef cattle farming focuses on meat production, while dairy farming focuses on milk production. Agriculture is the term used to designate the junction between animal husbandry and vegetable cultivation.

Livestock is one of the oldest activities of humanity, with the aim of producing food and other raw materials. The main products generated by this practice are meat, milk, eggs, honey, leather, bones and wool. There are two basic types of livestock: intensive and extensive. There are two types: beef cattle farming focuses on meat production, while dairy farming focuses on milk production. Agriculture is the term used to designate the junction between animal husbandry and vegetable cultivation.

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Eminem was awarded an estimated $3 million to play Jimmy Smith Jr. in the film “8 Mile – Street of Illusions”. The groundbreaking rapper had become one of America

Eminem was awarded an estimated $3 million to play Jimmy Smith Jr. in the film “8 Mile – Street of Illusions”. The groundbreaking rapper had become one of America's most sought-after and recognizable artists. He wrote the song "Lose Yourself" while waiting to record a set made on that feature. Despite the many controversies and his acts that heavily criticize, Eminem is still one of the best rappers in history. In fact, his notoriety crosses all boundaries, as he is the only solo artist to have won the Guinness Book of World Records for having multiple #1 hits in the US. His gallant captivity earned him 13 awards at the Grammy Awards, and now, with life moving towards the better, it seems that he is even more prosperous.

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Christmas in Portugal is a celebration marked by religious and cultural traditions. Midnight Mass is one of the most important traditions. Consoada, the Christmas Supper, is a festive meal with traditional dishes. Setting up nativity scenes at home is common, and children often sing Christmas songs like the Three Kings in exchange for donations. Bolo-Rei is a traditional delicacy, and exchanging gifts is becoming more popular. Some traditions include Christmas bonfires, themed Christmas villages, and decorative maypoles. Christmas in Portugal is a celebration rich in meaning and culture.

Christmas in Portugal is a celebration marked by religious and cultural traditions. Midnight Mass is one of the most important traditions. Consoada, the Christmas Supper, is a festive meal with traditional dishes. Setting up nativity scenes at home is common, and children often sing Christmas songs like the Three Kings in exchange for donations. Bolo-Rei is a traditional delicacy, and exchanging gifts is becoming more popular. Some traditions include Christmas bonfires, themed Christmas villages, and decorative maypoles. Christmas in Portugal is a celebration rich in meaning and culture.

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Daniel Onega, an Argentine player, holds the record for most goals scored in a single edition of the Copa Libertadores. In 1966, he impressed by scoring 17 goals.  In the 2000 edition, Brazilian striker Luizão almost equaled this feat, recording an incredible 15 goals. More recently, in 2023, Germán Cano scored 13 goals playing for Fluminense, in the last edition played. E in 2024, Junior Santos from Botafogo raised expectations of a new record by scoring 8 goals in the pre-Libertadores phase.

Daniel Onega, an Argentine player, holds the record for most goals scored in a single edition of the Copa Libertadores.
In 1966, he impressed by scoring 17 goals.
In the 2000 edition, Brazilian striker Luizão almost equaled this feat, recording an incredible 15 goals.
More recently, in 2023, Germán Cano scored 13 goals playing for Fluminense, in the last edition played.
E in 2024, Junior Santos from Botafogo raised expectations of a new record by scoring 8 goals in the pre-Libertadores phase.

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In the 1980s, funk underwent significant changes with the introduction of electronic technologies and synthesizers, replacing traditional elements such as brass and classic funk instruments. Subgenres such as electro emerged, influencing break and hip hop movements. Rick James and Prince were pioneers in exploring sensual themes and extensive use of technology in funk. Other bands, such as Cameo and Gap Band, followed this trend in the 1980s. Rap and hip hop gained prominence, while the use of samplers popularized funk beats in house music. At the same time, artists such as Red Hot Chili Peppers incorporated elements of funk rock.

In the 1980s, funk underwent significant changes with the introduction of electronic technologies and synthesizers, replacing traditional elements such as brass and classic funk instruments. Subgenres such as electro emerged, influencing break and hip hop movements. Rick James and Prince were pioneers in exploring sensual themes and extensive use of technology in funk. Other bands, such as Cameo and Gap Band, followed this trend in the 1980s. Rap and hip hop gained prominence, while the use of samplers popularized funk beats in house music. At the same time, artists such as Red Hot Chili Peppers incorporated elements of funk rock.

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Capturing the earth

Capturing the earth's surface and its elements on a map or globe requires a reduction of reality. This reduction is expressed by the scale. Both numeric scales (represented by fractions) and graphic scales convey the same information to the user. However, the graphical scale has an advantage in representing the distance on the map by means of a line segment, allowing enlargements or reductions of the map to preserve the proportion between the distances on the map and in reality.

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There are several ways to unravel the mysteries of the past. Historians, who are specialists who study and document the past, use a wide variety of traces left by ancient human societies, such as texts, photographs, paintings, buildings, sculptures, objects, clothing, oral reports, films, music and even fragments. of bones. They examine these sources to investigate information, formulate hypotheses and draw conclusions about events and aspects of the past. The set of traces left by ancient human societies, together with texts written by historians, encyclopedias and reconstructions of historical environments, is called historical sources. These sources are vital to understanding and interpreting past events.

There are several ways to unravel the mysteries of the past. Historians, who are specialists who study and document the past, use a wide variety of traces left by ancient human societies, such as texts, photographs, paintings, buildings, sculptures, objects, clothing, oral reports, films, music and even fragments. of bones. They examine these sources to investigate information, formulate hypotheses and draw conclusions about events and aspects of the past.
The set of traces left by ancient human societies, together with texts written by historians, encyclopedias and reconstructions of historical environments, is called historical sources. These sources are vital to understanding and interpreting past events.

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In the 1960s, iconic rock artists and bands emerged, such as The Doors, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Bob Dylan and Velvet Underground. The British The Beatles and The Rolling Stones were pioneers, the Beatles representing Beatlemania with a conventional stance, while the Rolling Stones, led by Mick Jagger, were known for their rebellion. In the late 1960s, subgenres such as folk rock, psychedelic rock and progressive rock emerged, with notable bands such as Yes and Pink Floyd. The legendary Woodstock Festival in 1969 marked the history of rock, highlighting The Who, Jimi Hendrix, Creedence Clearwater Revival and Carlos Santana.

In the 1960s, iconic rock artists and bands emerged, such as The Doors, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Bob Dylan and Velvet Underground. The British The Beatles and The Rolling Stones were pioneers, the Beatles representing Beatlemania with a conventional stance, while the Rolling Stones, led by Mick Jagger, were known for their rebellion. In the late 1960s, subgenres such as folk rock, psychedelic rock and progressive rock emerged, with notable bands such as Yes and Pink Floyd. The legendary Woodstock Festival in 1969 marked the history of rock, highlighting The Who, Jimi Hendrix, Creedence Clearwater Revival and Carlos Santana.

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The Revolution of April 25 , also known as the Carnation Revolution, was a historic event in Portugal, which took place on April 25, 1974, which overthrew the dictatorial regime of the Estado Novo, in force since 1933. Led by the Armed Forces Movement (MFA ), composed mainly of captains who had participated in the Colonial War, the movement enjoyed massive popular support. The military action resulted in few civilian casualties and led to the appointment of the National Salvation Board to govern the country. There followed a period of social and political unrest known as PREC (Revolutionary Process in Progress). On April 25, 1976, a new democratic Constitution came into force, marking the end of the authoritarian regime and the beginning of a democratic period in Portugal. The military coup was triggered by dissatisfaction with the colonial war, internal divisions within the regime and political repression.

The Revolution of April 25 , also known as the Carnation Revolution, was a historic event in Portugal, which took place on April 25, 1974, which overthrew the dictatorial regime of the Estado Novo, in force since 1933. Led by the Armed Forces Movement (MFA ), composed mainly of captains who had participated in the Colonial War, the movement enjoyed massive popular support. The military action resulted in few civilian casualties and led to the appointment of the National Salvation Board to govern the country. There followed a period of social and political unrest known as PREC (Revolutionary Process in Progress). On April 25, 1976, a new democratic Constitution came into force, marking the end of the authoritarian regime and the beginning of a democratic period in Portugal. The military coup was triggered by dissatisfaction with the colonial war, internal divisions within the regime and political repression.

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The pommel horse is a men

The pommel horse is a men's artistic gymnastics device composed of a narrow body mounted horizontally on a base, with two overlapping handles. Gymnasts perform a series of movements on it, such as circles, scissors and spins, requiring arm strength and leg work. Considered the most difficult among men's devices, it requires balance and posture. To obtain a good grade, it is necessary to execute the movements with precision and avoid deviations from the device during the routine.

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The horse used in artistic gymnastics for jumping was replaced by the table in 2001. The table, also known as the German table, is inclined and provides a larger contact area for the athletes. In vaulting, gymnasts must jump onto the table from a springboard, being evaluated based on the height, difficulty and execution of the movement upon reaching the ground. This event is common in both men

The horse used in artistic gymnastics for jumping was replaced by the table in 2001. The table, also known as the German table, is inclined and provides a larger contact area for the athletes. In vaulting, gymnasts must jump onto the table from a springboard, being evaluated based on the height, difficulty and execution of the movement upon reaching the ground. This event is common in both men's and women's artistic gymnastics and is crucial to the gymnast's final score.

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October 12th is the day of the Discovery of America , when the navigator Christopher Columbus, in the service of Spain, arrived on the American continent during his first expedition. Searching for a new route to the Indies, he ended up landing on the Caribbean islands, inaugurating an era of European exploration and colonization in the Americas. Columbus believed he had reached the Asian continent, but in fact he had discovered a new territory. This event had a profound impact on indigenous civilizations, which suffered from invasions, diseases and enslavement. The date is celebrated as the Discovery of America Day or Columbus Day in several countries, such as the United States, where it is marked by parades, but also by reflections on the impact of colonization. In Mexico and Spain, it is known as Hispanidad Day or Race Day, highlighting the Iberian cultural heritage.

October 12th is the day of the Discovery of America , when the navigator Christopher Columbus, in the service of Spain, arrived on the American continent during his first expedition. Searching for a new route to the Indies, he ended up landing on the Caribbean islands, inaugurating an era of European exploration and colonization in the Americas. Columbus believed he had reached the Asian continent, but in fact he had discovered a new territory. This event had a profound impact on indigenous civilizations, which suffered from invasions, diseases and enslavement. The date is celebrated as the Discovery of America Day or Columbus Day in several countries, such as the United States, where it is marked by parades, but also by reflections on the impact of colonization. In Mexico and Spain, it is known as Hispanidad Day or Race Day, highlighting the Iberian cultural heritage.

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The asymmetrical bars, exclusive to women in artistic gymnastics, allow for a variety of acrobatic and static movements. Created in the 19th century, they were only introduced into international competitions in 1934 and at the 1936 Olympics. They are made of synthetic fibers and have specific measurements for competitions. Gymnastics on these bars is challenging and requires courage, with movements focused on the waist and torso. To get a good score, gymnasts must include bar changes, starts and restarts, as well as specific elements, in their routines. Discounts are applied for errors such as touching the bars, falls or lack of body alignment. Some movements include octave climbs, spins and kippe.

The asymmetrical bars, exclusive to women in artistic gymnastics, allow for a variety of acrobatic and static movements. Created in the 19th century, they were only introduced into international competitions in 1934 and at the 1936 Olympics. They are made of synthetic fibers and have specific measurements for competitions. Gymnastics on these bars is challenging and requires courage, with movements focused on the waist and torso. To get a good score, gymnasts must include bar changes, starts and restarts, as well as specific elements, in their routines. Discounts are applied for errors such as touching the bars, falls or lack of body alignment. Some movements include octave climbs, spins and kippe.

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Local legend says that D. Garcia, the mayor of Penha Garcia Castle, had courted D. Branca, daughter of the governor of Monsanto. On a stormy night, D. Garcia kidnapped her from her father

Local legend says that D. Garcia, the mayor of Penha Garcia Castle, had courted D. Branca, daughter of the governor of Monsanto. On a stormy night, D. Garcia kidnapped her from her father's house. The governor ordered his soldiers to look for D. Garcia and bring justice. After months of pursuit, D. Garcia was finally captured on the slopes of the mountain. Despite the death penalty common at the time for such crimes, the governor, responding to his daughter's pleas, spared D. Garcia's life, but ordered the amputation of his left arm as punishment. Legend has it that the ghost of D. Garcia, the severed one, is seen on stormy nights, watching over Monsanto hill from the towers of Penha Garcia.

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In the 1930s, a period known as the Golden Age of popular song, samba consolidated itself as Brazil

In the 1930s, a period known as the Golden Age of popular song, samba consolidated itself as Brazil's national music. While it is adopted by white middle-class composers, it also gives deserved recognition to the black people who gave rise to this musical genre. Meaningful interracial partnerships emerge. Getúlio Vargas' decree, allowing radio stations to broadcast advertisements during their programs, marks the beginning of fees and drives the professionalization of the musical class. The innovation of electrical recording opens space for singers with softer voices, such as Mário Reis and Carmen Miranda, to enter the phonographic universe, moving samba away from operatic excesses. Quickly, Reis, Carmen and others became radio idols. The official parade of the samba schools is established, and samba shares the preference of Rio revelers with the march.

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Ilha dos Amores, in Castelo de Paiva, is the scene of a legend of forbidden love. It tells the story of a young farmer and a noblewoman who met in secret due to the opposition of the noblewoman

Ilha dos Amores, in Castelo de Paiva, is the scene of a legend of forbidden love. It tells the story of a young farmer and a noblewoman who met in secret due to the opposition of the noblewoman's father. When she was proposed to by a nobleman, the farmer, fearing to lose her, committed murder. After the crime, the couple tried to escape to the island, but a storm sank the vessel, suggesting the revenge of the spirit of the dead nobleman. The island was once a place of worship in the Middle Ages, with ruins of a chapel dedicated to Saint Peter.

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In 2012, during the tournament in Busan, South Korea, Australian Samuel Groth recorded the fastest serve ever documented by the ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals), reaching an incredible 263 km/h. In the same match, Groth also managed to fit in two more powerful serves, with speeds of 253 km/h and 255 km/h. Among women, the fastest serve record belongs to the German Sabine Lisicki, who reached a speed of 211 km/h during the Stanford Tournament, in the United States, in 2014.

In 2012, during the tournament in Busan, South Korea, Australian Samuel Groth recorded the fastest serve ever documented by the ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals), reaching an incredible 263 km/h. In the same match, Groth also managed to fit in two more powerful serves, with speeds of 253 km/h and 255 km/h. Among women, the fastest serve record belongs to the German Sabine Lisicki, who reached a speed of 211 km/h during the Stanford Tournament, in the United States, in 2014.

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Valencian Community Day is celebrated annually on October 9. This date is a regional festival that commemorates the entry of Jaume I, King of Aragon, into the city of Valencia in 1238, symbolizing the conquest of the city and the beginning of the process of repopulation and reconquest of the region. The festivities include parades, cultural events, sporting activities and concerts, reflecting the rich heritage and culture of the Valencian Community. One of the highlights of the celebrations is the traditional "ofrenda de flores" (flower offering) to the Virgin of the Forsaken, the city
pexels: J. Carfagna

Valencian Community Day is celebrated annually on October 9. This date is a regional festival that commemorates the entry of Jaume I, King of Aragon, into the city of Valencia in 1238, symbolizing the conquest of the city and the beginning of the process of repopulation and reconquest of the region. The festivities include parades, cultural events, sporting activities and concerts, reflecting the rich heritage and culture of the Valencian Community. One of the highlights of the celebrations is the traditional "ofrenda de flores" (flower offering) to the Virgin of the Forsaken, the city's patron saint, where residents bring flowers to create a large flower mantle in her image.

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In the 2000 Copa Libertadores, Boca Juniors, led by Carlos Bianchi, won the title after 22 years, defeating Palmeiras. The following year, Boca won the title again by defeating Cruz Azul in the final. However, their quest for the tri was frustrated by Olimpia in the quarter-finals. In 2003, the competition saw great teams and surprises, with Santos standing out for their offensive football. Boca Juniors beat Santos in the final, winning their fourth title. The following year, however, they were defeated by Once Caldas of Colombia in the final. São Paulo beat Atlético Paranaense in 2005, becoming the first to win three titles. In 2006, Internacional beat São Paulo in the final, winning their first title. In 2007, Boca Juniors beat Grêmio in the final, winning their sixth title.

In the 2000 Copa Libertadores, Boca Juniors, led by Carlos Bianchi, won the title after 22 years, defeating Palmeiras. The following year, Boca won the title again by defeating Cruz Azul in the final. However, their quest for the tri was frustrated by Olimpia in the quarter-finals.
In 2003, the competition saw great teams and surprises, with Santos standing out for their offensive football. Boca Juniors beat Santos in the final, winning their fourth title. The following year, however, they were defeated by Once Caldas of Colombia in the final.
São Paulo beat Atlético Paranaense in 2005, becoming the first to win three titles. In 2006, Internacional beat São Paulo in the final, winning their first title. In 2007, Boca Juniors beat Grêmio in the final, winning their sixth title.

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Parallel bars are a device used exclusively in men

Parallel bars are a device used exclusively in men's artistic gymnastics. Created by Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, they consist of two parallel beams supported on metal supports. Gymnasts perform series of rotating and balanced movements, lasting fifteen to thirty seconds. Originally designed to strengthen the arms, bars have evolved to incorporate a wide variety of elements that develop balance, strength and agility. Movements include the square, lufrolle and stützkehre, among others.

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November 18th is European Antibiotic Day. This date was established by the European Commission in 2008 with the aim of raising awareness about antibiotic resistance and promoting the responsible use of these medicines. Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health problem, which occurs when bacteria become resistant to medicines that were previously effective in fighting them. This can lead to infections that are more difficult to treat, increasing the risk of complications, hospitalizations and mortality. The day encourages education on the proper use of antibiotics, the importance of completing prescribed courses and the need to avoid overuse or inappropriate use of these medicines. In addition, it promotes awareness-raising actions for health professionals, patients and the general public, highlighting the importance of preventing infections through proper hygiene practices and vaccination.
pixabay

November 18th is European Antibiotic Day. This date was established by the European Commission in 2008 with the aim of raising awareness about antibiotic resistance and promoting the responsible use of these medicines. Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health problem, which occurs when bacteria become resistant to medicines that were previously effective in fighting them. This can lead to infections that are more difficult to treat, increasing the risk of complications, hospitalizations and mortality. The day encourages education on the proper use of antibiotics, the importance of completing prescribed courses and the need to avoid overuse or inappropriate use of these medicines. In addition, it promotes awareness-raising actions for health professionals, patients and the general public, highlighting the importance of preventing infections through proper hygiene practices and vaccination.

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Vienna Lager is a balanced beer style, with malt and hops, a bright amber/copper color and an alcohol content of 4.7% to 5.5% ABV. Its origins date back to the 1820s and 1830s, when Anton Dreher and Gabriel Sedlmayr took a trip through Europe, learning British brewing techniques. They brought British technologies to Central Europe, including rapid wort cooling and sanitation techniques. The fundamental change was the transition from the production of top-fermented beer (Ales) to bottom-fermented beer (Lagers). Dreher introduced bottom-fermented beer, launching "Klein-Schwechater Lagerbier" (later called Vienna Lager) in 1841. Its success was due to its light color, visible in clear bottles, making him known as "the king of beer." .

Vienna Lager is a balanced beer style, with malt and hops, a bright amber/copper color and an alcohol content of 4.7% to 5.5% ABV. Its origins date back to the 1820s and 1830s, when Anton Dreher and Gabriel Sedlmayr took a trip through Europe, learning British brewing techniques. They brought British technologies to Central Europe, including rapid wort cooling and sanitation techniques. The fundamental change was the transition from the production of top-fermented beer (Ales) to bottom-fermented beer (Lagers). Dreher introduced bottom-fermented beer, launching "Klein-Schwechater Lagerbier" (later called Vienna Lager) in 1841. Its success was due to its light color, visible in clear bottles, making him known as "the king of beer." .

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The Farroupilha Revolution was an armed conflict that took place in southern Brazil between 1835 and 1845, led by Rio Grande do Sul farmers, the "farrapos", against the Brazilian imperial government. They sought greater regional autonomy, reduced taxes and an end to practices that harmed the local economy. The war was marked by bloody battles and brutality on both sides. The conflict came to an end with the signing of the "Peace of Ponche Verde" in 1845, which granted amnesty to the rebels and brought concessions from the imperial government. Gaúcho Day, or Farroupilha Revolution Day, is celebrated on September 20 , marking the beginning of the revolt in 1835. This date is important in Gaucho culture, being celebrated with parades, festivals and civic events throughout Rio Grande do Sul .

The Farroupilha Revolution was an armed conflict that took place in southern Brazil between 1835 and 1845, led by Rio Grande do Sul farmers, the "farrapos", against the Brazilian imperial government. They sought greater regional autonomy, reduced taxes and an end to practices that harmed the local economy. The war was marked by bloody battles and brutality on both sides. The conflict came to an end with the signing of the "Peace of Ponche Verde" in 1845, which granted amnesty to the rebels and brought concessions from the imperial government. Gaúcho Day, or Farroupilha Revolution Day, is celebrated on September 20 , marking the beginning of the revolt in 1835. This date is important in Gaucho culture, being celebrated with parades, festivals and civic events throughout Rio Grande do Sul .

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The ground is a piece of equipment contested by men and women. Present since the Paris Games in 1900, it is part of the general competition in artistic gymnastics. Archange Tuccaro, a 16th century Italian acrobat, is considered a pioneer of this practice. Initially little valued, it became an integral part of gymnastics competitions from 1923 onwards. It consists of an area measuring 12m x 12m, where athletes perform a combination of acrobatics, balance and strength, with elements of artistic expression and music in women

The ground is a piece of equipment contested by men and women. Present since the Paris Games in 1900, it is part of the general competition in artistic gymnastics. Archange Tuccaro, a 16th century Italian acrobat, is considered a pioneer of this practice. Initially little valued, it became an integral part of gymnastics competitions from 1923 onwards. It consists of an area measuring 12m x 12m, where athletes perform a combination of acrobatics, balance and strength, with elements of artistic expression and music in women's competitions. . Scores are based on the difficulty of the movements, artistic expression, execution of required elements, and overall quality of the performance. Penalties are applied for performance errors, such as leaving the designated area or not being in sync with the music. Solo routines last up to 90 seconds and are choreographed with acrobatic and dance elements.

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It is the sequel to the survival and strategy game Frostpunk, set 30 years after the original. The player leads a post-apocalyptic society facing an eternal winter, now focused on oil exploration as an energy source. Gameplay involves city building, resource management, and complex moral decisions that affect the future of the community. With improved graphics and new climatic and social challenges, the game promises to deepen the ethical and strategic dilemmas of the original.

It is the sequel to the survival and strategy game Frostpunk, set 30 years after the original. The player leads a post-apocalyptic society facing an eternal winter, now focused on oil exploration as an energy source. Gameplay involves city building, resource management, and complex moral decisions that affect the future of the community. With improved graphics and new climatic and social challenges, the game promises to deepen the ethical and strategic dilemmas of the original.

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At the beginning of the 20th century, in Baixo Alentejo, there is a legend about a seamstress who, due to her sins or unfulfilled promises in life, was condemned to wander among the living as a banshee after her death. Different versions explain his supernatural actions, such as sewing at night, the sound of the sewing machine, scissors and thimble. However, the little seamstress was not a frightening figure for the people of Alentejo, as she was a familiar figure in the region. The legend continues to endure, and the question that persists is whether the little seamstress is still present today.

At the beginning of the 20th century, in Baixo Alentejo, there is a legend about a seamstress who, due to her sins or unfulfilled promises in life, was condemned to wander among the living as a banshee after her death. Different versions explain his supernatural actions, such as sewing at night, the sound of the sewing machine, scissors and thimble. However, the little seamstress was not a frightening figure for the people of Alentejo, as she was a familiar figure in the region. The legend continues to endure, and the question that persists is whether the little seamstress is still present today.

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The 2024 Copa Libertadores for men

The 2024 Copa Libertadores for men's football has had its participants defined.
Check out the clubs that occupied the 47 places below.

BRAZIL: Fluminense, São Paulo, Palmeiras, Grêmio, Atlético-MG, Flamengo, Botafogo and Red Bull Bragantino.

ARGENTINA: River Plate, Rosario Central, Estudiantes, Talleres, San Lorenzo and Godoy Cruz.

BOLIVIA: The Strongest, Bolívar, Always Ready and Aurora.

CHILE: Huachipato, Cobresal, Colo-Colo and Palestino.

COLOMBIA: Junior Barranquilla, Millonarios, Atlético Nacional and Águilas Doradas.

ECUADOR: LDU, Independiente del Valle, Barcelona de Guayaquil, El Nacional and Aucas.

PARAGUAY: Libertad, Cerro Porteño, Sportivo Trinidense and Nacional.

PERU: Universitario, Alianza Lima, Sporting Cristal and Melgar.

URUGUAY: Liverpool, Peñarol, Nacional and Defensor.

VENEZUELA: Caracas, Portuguesa, Deportivo Táchira and Academia Puerto Cabello.

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While funk faced challenges on radio due to the popularity of hip-hop, contemporary R&B, and new jack swing, its influence persisted globally. In the 1990s, acid jazz artists emerged, such as Brand New Heavies and Jamiroquai, who incorporated elements of funk. Jamiroquai has had notable commercial success. The nu-funk scene, since the mid-1990s, has focused on "deep funk" collectors, producing material inspired by funk rarities. Labels such as Desco and Daptone lead this scene, which has had some transition into the mainstream music industry, exemplified by Sharon Jones

While funk faced challenges on radio due to the popularity of hip-hop, contemporary R&B, and new jack swing, its influence persisted globally. In the 1990s, acid jazz artists emerged, such as Brand New Heavies and Jamiroquai, who incorporated elements of funk. Jamiroquai has had notable commercial success. The nu-funk scene, since the mid-1990s, has focused on "deep funk" collectors, producing material inspired by funk rarities. Labels such as Desco and Daptone lead this scene, which has had some transition into the mainstream music industry, exemplified by Sharon Jones' appearance on Late Night with Conan O'Brien in 2005.

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In the second version of the crowfoot lady legend, a nobleman falls in love with a beautiful woman he meets in the forest while hunting. They marry on the condition that he never makes the sign of the cross again. Years later, during a dinner, one of the couple

In the second version of the crowfoot lady legend, a nobleman falls in love with a beautiful woman he meets in the forest while hunting. They marry on the condition that he never makes the sign of the cross again. Years later, during a dinner, one of the couple's dogs kills the other in a fight over food. Shocked, the nobleman makes the sign of the cross, and his strange wife emits a terrible scream and disappears. Despite other adventures, she never returns to her husband's arms.

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Who were the mascots of the Women

Who were the mascots of the Women's Cup over the years: In the first one in 1991, in China, the mascot was a little bird called Ling Ling. The mascot of the 1995 edition in Sweden was a Viking named Fiffi. In the United States in 1999, the mascot was a fox named Nutmeg chosen to represent the speed, intelligence and agility of the players on the field. There was no mascot in 2003 because the competition was to be held in China, but it was hastily moved to the United States due to the SARS epidemic. In 2007 in China, the mascot was a girl named Hua Mulan, inspired by the Chinese legend that became a Disney movie. At Germany2011, a cat named Karla Kick was chosen to be the mascot. An arctic owl named Shuéme was chosen to be the mascot of the 2015 Women's World Cup in Canada. The 2019 mascot was Ettie the chicken. The 2023 World Cup mascot is Tazuni, a penguin with a blue streak of hair.

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The legend of the Moura da Ponte de Chaves tells the story of a young Moorish woman in the 12th century, engaged to her cousin, who did not love her. When the Christians reconquered Chaves, she fell in love with a Christian warrior. Her fiancé, feeling betrayed, returned to the city dressed as a beggar, to take revenge. One day he waited for her on the Roman bridge of Trajan, when he saw her approaching, he asked her for alms. The Moor, who extended her hand, locked eyes with him and the rejected Moor cursed him saying: "Forever you will be enchanted under the third arch of this bridge. Only the love of a Christian knight, not the one who took you, will be able to save you." Years later, a knight heard her laments, a woman

The legend of the Moura da Ponte de Chaves tells the story of a young Moorish woman in the 12th century, engaged to her cousin, who did not love her. When the Christians reconquered Chaves, she fell in love with a Christian warrior. Her fiancé, feeling betrayed, returned to the city dressed as a beggar, to take revenge. One day he waited for her on the Roman bridge of Trajan, when he saw her approaching, he asked her for alms. The Moor, who extended her hand, locked eyes with him and the rejected Moor cursed him saying: "Forever you will be enchanted under the third arch of this bridge. Only the love of a Christian knight, not the one who took you, will be able to save you." Years later, a knight heard her laments, a woman's voice asked him to go down to the third arch of the bridge and give her a kiss. But the knight hesitated and, afraid of being bewitched, left, swearing never but pass there at midnight On Saint John's nights, his sadness can be heard.

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Christmas in Poland is marked by deeply religious and cultural traditions. Christmas dinner, known as Wigilia, is the most important event, starting with the first star on Christmas Eve. The meal is meatless and includes dishes such as fish, obleas shared among the family and wishes for happiness. Gift giving is often attributed to Dziadek Mroż or the Christmas Angel. The kolędnicy, groups of Christmas singers, visit homes. The first star on Christmas Eve is significant, and Christmas masses are fundamental. Christmas in Poland is a spiritual celebration centered on the birth of Jesus, filled with family and community traditions.

Christmas in Poland is marked by deeply religious and cultural traditions. Christmas dinner, known as Wigilia, is the most important event, starting with the first star on Christmas Eve. The meal is meatless and includes dishes such as fish, obleas shared among the family and wishes for happiness. Gift giving is often attributed to Dziadek Mroż or the Christmas Angel. The kolędnicy, groups of Christmas singers, visit homes. The first star on Christmas Eve is significant, and Christmas masses are fundamental. Christmas in Poland is a spiritual celebration centered on the birth of Jesus, filled with family and community traditions.

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It is a remaster of the classic real-time strategy game released in 2002. It features modernized graphics and animations, a symphonic soundtrack, gameplay improvements, and new content, such as expansion packs. The game allows players to command mythological civilizations (Greek, Egyptian, Norse and Atlantean) using divine powers and legendary creatures. In addition to the classic "Fall of the Trident" campaign, the game includes multiplayer and Xbox Game Pass support. It was released on September 4, 2024 for Windows and Xbox

It is a remaster of the classic real-time strategy game released in 2002. It features modernized graphics and animations, a symphonic soundtrack, gameplay improvements, and new content, such as expansion packs. The game allows players to command mythological civilizations (Greek, Egyptian, Norse and Atlantean) using divine powers and legendary creatures. In addition to the classic "Fall of the Trident" campaign, the game includes multiplayer and Xbox Game Pass support. It was released on September 4, 2024 for Windows and Xbox

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Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, which are closest to the Sun, are the inner planets. Because they are made up of rocks and metals, they are also called rocky, terrestrial or telluric planets.
Characteristics:
     • They are small, rocky, with a small mass and a high surface temperature;
     • They describe short orbits;
     • It has small translation periods, with the duration of the years also being small;
     • They have high orbital speed;
     • They have large rotation periods that correspond to long days;
     • They have few or no moons and no rings.

Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, which are closest to the Sun, are the inner planets. Because they are made up of rocks and metals, they are also called rocky, terrestrial or telluric planets. Characteristics: • They are small, rocky, with a small mass and a high surface temperature; • They describe short orbits; • It has small translation periods, with the duration of the years also being small; • They have high orbital speed; • They have large rotation periods that correspond to long days; • They have few or no moons and no rings.

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Geosphere dynamics: The movement of tectonic plates and the rock cycle are processes that shape landscapes, form soils and create new environments, driving the evolution and diversity of species. Water: The abundance of liquid water is essential for life, as it makes up between 70% and 90% of the body weight of living beings and participates in all their vital processes. Natural environments: The variety of habitats on Earth favors the capacity for adaptation and the growth of biodiversity, increasing the chances of survival and continuity of species.
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Geosphere dynamics: The movement of tectonic plates and the rock cycle are processes that shape landscapes, form soils and create new environments, driving the evolution and diversity of species.
Water: The abundance of liquid water is essential for life, as it makes up between 70% and 90% of the body weight of living beings and participates in all their vital processes.
Natural environments: The variety of habitats on Earth favors the capacity for adaptation and the growth of biodiversity, increasing the chances of survival and continuity of species.

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The Olympic beam, known simply as beam, is a fundamental device in women

The Olympic beam, known simply as beam, is a fundamental device in women's artistic gymnastics, present in all official competitions. Its competitive use dates back to 1934 and its Olympic debut occurred in 1936. Initially, the exercises were performed on pine trunks and were improved over time. The modern beam is 5 meters long, 10 centimeters wide and is located 1.25 meters above the ground. Gymnasts have 90 seconds to perform their series, which includes jumps, spins, spins and acrobatic elements. The difficulty of the exercises has increased over the years, with pioneers such as Olga Korbut and Nadia Comaneci introducing acrobatic sets. The score is determined by the quality and difficulty of the choreography, with penalties for errors such as imbalances, falls or exceeding the performance time limit.

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In the city of Barcelos, Portugal, there was concern due to an unsolved crime. A Galician suspect, who was passing through on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, was arrested and sentenced to death on the gallows. He swore his innocence and asked to be taken to the judge who sentenced him. The desperate Galician said that his innocence was as certain as the rooster on the judge

In the city of Barcelos, Portugal, there was concern due to an unsolved crime. A Galician suspect, who was passing through on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, was arrested and sentenced to death on the gallows. He swore his innocence and asked to be taken to the judge who sentenced him. The desperate Galician said that his innocence was as certain as the rooster on the judge's table would crow when he was hanged. Everyone laughed at the statement, but no one touched the rooster. Surprisingly, when the Galician was about to be hanged, the rooster on the table crowed. The judge rushed to the gallows and discovered that the Galician was alive due to a poorly tied knot in the rope. He was released, and the case was closed. Years later, the Galician returned to Barcelos and sculpted the Monument of Senhor do Galo in honor of the Virgin Mary and Santiago Maior. The Rooster of Barcelos has become a popular symbol, representing justice and innocence in Portugal.

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An artistic gymnastics championship consists of four distinct competitions: Qualifying, General Individual Final, Individual Event Final and Team Final. In the Qualifiers, gymnasts seek to qualify for the subsequent finals and determine the positions of the teams and gymnasts. In the Individual General Final, the 24 best gymnasts participate in new series in each event, with the winner determined by the total number of points. In the Final by Event, the eight best-ranked gymnasts in each event perform new series, with the final classification based on the scores obtained in this specific competition. In the Team Final, the eight best teams compete and the scores obtained contribute to the team

An artistic gymnastics championship consists of four distinct competitions: Qualifying, General Individual Final, Individual Event Final and Team Final. In the Qualifiers, gymnasts seek to qualify for the subsequent finals and determine the positions of the teams and gymnasts. In the Individual General Final, the 24 best gymnasts participate in new series in each event, with the winner determined by the total number of points. In the Final by Event, the eight best-ranked gymnasts in each event perform new series, with the final classification based on the scores obtained in this specific competition. In the Team Final, the eight best teams compete and the scores obtained contribute to the team's final ranking.

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The Copa Libertadores da América is the main football tournament between clubs in South America, organized by CONMEBOL since 1960. It is highly prestigious and honors leaders of South American independence. Such as José Artigas, Simón Bolívar, José de San Martín, José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, D. Pedro I of Brazil, Antonio José de Sucre and Bernardo O

The Copa Libertadores da América is the main football tournament between clubs in South America, organized by CONMEBOL since 1960. It is highly prestigious and honors leaders of South American independence. Such as José Artigas, Simón Bolívar, José de San Martín, José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, D. Pedro I of Brazil, Antonio José de Sucre and Bernardo O'Higgins.
In the beginning, it was called the American Champions Cup and it was only in 1965 that it was baptized with its current name.

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Amy Winehouse, a talented singer and songwriter, was born into a family with a strong connection to music. Her father, Mitchell Winehouse, worked as a billboard installer, taxi driver and amateur singer, and her mother, Janis, was a pharmacist. Since her childhood, Amy demonstrated a natural talent for music. However, her youth was marked by family challenges, such as her parents

Amy Winehouse, a talented singer and songwriter, was born into a family with a strong connection to music. Her father, Mitchell Winehouse, worked as a billboard installer, taxi driver and amateur singer, and her mother, Janis, was a pharmacist. Since her childhood, Amy demonstrated a natural talent for music. However, her youth was marked by family challenges, such as her parents' divorce when she was just nine years old. It was at this time that she began attending the Susi Earnshaw Theater School, where she was able to develop her vocal and musical skills. Her talent continued to shine, which earned her a scholarship at the Sylvia Young Theater School. Amy later entered the Brit Performing Arts and Technology School, where, at age 14, she began experimenting with psychoactive substances. At 15, she was already performing in jazz clubs.

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Atmosphere: The atmosphere plays crucial roles in sustaining life, such as filtering harmful ultraviolet rays through the ozone layer , protecting against meteorite impacts , and regulating the environmental temperature compatible with life through the greenhouse effect . These characteristics help create suitable conditions for life. The existence of the atmosphere is possible due to the size and mass of the Earth, which generate sufficient gravitational attraction to keep this layer of gases attached to its surface. Without this gravitational force, the atmosphere would disperse into space.
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Atmosphere: The atmosphere plays crucial roles in sustaining life, such as filtering harmful ultraviolet rays through the ozone layer , protecting against meteorite impacts , and regulating the environmental temperature compatible with life through the greenhouse effect . These characteristics help create suitable conditions for life.
The existence of the atmosphere is possible due to the size and mass of the Earth, which generate sufficient gravitational attraction to keep this layer of gases attached to its surface. Without this gravitational force, the atmosphere would disperse into space.

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